Sketching Awareness: A Participatory Study to Elicit Designs for Supporting Ad Hoc Emergency Medical Teamwork

Abstract

Prior CSCW research on awareness in clinical settings has mostly focused on higher-level team coordination spanning across longer-term trajectories at the department and inter-department levels. In this paper, we offer a perspective on what awareness means within the context of an ad hoc, time- and safety-critical medical setting by looking at teams treating severely ill patients with urgent needs. We report findings from four participatory design workshops conducted with emergency medicine clinicians at two regional emergency departments. Workshops were developed to elicit design ideas for information displays that support awareness in emergency medical situations. Through analysis of discussions and clinicians’ sketches of information displays, we identified five features of teamwork that can be used as a foundation for supporting awareness from the perspective of clinicians. Based on these findings, we contribute rich descriptions of four facets of awareness that teams manage during emergency medical situations: team member awareness, elapsed time awareness, teamwork-oriented and patient-driven task awareness, and overall progress awareness. We then discuss these four awareness types in relation to awareness facets found in the CSCW literature.

Operationalizing the Benefit of Information Radiators from an Awareness Point of View

“…In addition, the graduality of a displayed information particle can be influenced and multi-dimensionally manipulated by user interactions or independently through the backend. The scaling can be enabled while displaying the single information objects and the additionally showed linked objects can be adjusted vertically in depth as well as horizontally in width [10,29,31,41,58,61,75,84,94,101].…”

Making activities visible: a way to patient empowerment

“…In CSCW research, most work has focused on studying clinicians' work and how they cooperate with one another. These studies have been done in different settings such as emergency rooms (Zhang et al, 2017;Dovigo and Redaelli, 2010;Bjørn and Hertzum, 2011;Paoletti, 2009;Kusunoki et al, 2015), shifts (Tang and Carpendale, 2007), telecare (Aanestad, 2003), etc. In the 80s Strauss and colleagues have discussed patient work.…”

Expanding Human Computer Interaction Methods to Understand User Needs in the Design Process of Personal Health Systems

“…Although participatory design has been around in various forms (e.g., co-design, action research) since the 1970s [33], the human-computer interaction community started utilizing it to design computing systems with people in the 1990s [34], and medical informatics was introduced to participatory design practices to design clinical systems in 2000 [35]. In human computer interaction, researchers have used participatory design methods in health domains to design systems within [36] and outside the clinical environment, whereas medical informatics is beginning to utilize methods in clinical settings [37]. Here we highlight how sociotechnical researchers utilize participatory design methodologies to better understand lay populations outside of clinical settings.…”