Skeletal muscle myosin heavy chain composition and resistance training

Adams, Gregory R.; Hather, Bruce M.; Baldwin, Kenneth M.; Dudley, Gary A.

doi:10.1152/jappl.1993.74.2.911

Cited by 232 publications

(211 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…The efficacy of the training program with respect to muscle fiber conversion was comparable to those seen in other studies (Staron et al 1994;Adams et al 1993), evident as stable MyHC1 abundances and increased MyHC2A abundances, as discussed in Ellefsen et al (2014). No effect of training was observed on whole-body FM (Table 1), with individual responses varying from -14 % to +15 %.…”

Section: Fndc5 Irisin and Responses To Strength Trainingsupporting

confidence: 83%

Irisin and FNDC5: effects of 12-week strength training, and relations to muscle phenotype and body mass composition in untrained women

Ellefsen¹,

Vikmoen²,

Slettaløkken³

et al. 2014

Eur J Appl Physiol

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This file was dowloaded from the institutional repository Brage NIH -brage.bibsys.no/nih Ellefsen, S., Vikmoen, O., Slettaløkken, G., Whist, J. E., Nygård, H., Hollan, I.... Rønnestad, B. (2014). Irisin and FNDC5: effects of 12-week strength training, and relations to muscle phenotype and body mass composition in untrained women. MethodsEighteen untrained women performed 12 weeks of progressive whole body heavy strength training, with measurement of strength, body composition, expression of irisin-related genes (FNDC5 and PGC1α) in two different skeletal muscles, and levels of serum-irisin and -thyroid hormones, before and after the training intervention. ResultsThe strength training intervention did not result in changes in serum-irisin or muscle FNDC5 expression, despite considerable effects on strength, lean body mass (LBM) and skeletal muscle phenotype. However, our data indicate that training affects irisin biology in a LBM-dependent

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Section: Fndc5 Irisin and Responses To Strength Trainingsupporting

confidence: 83%

Irisin and FNDC5: effects of 12-week strength training, and relations to muscle phenotype and body mass composition in untrained women

Ellefsen¹,

Vikmoen²,

Slettaløkken³

et al. 2014

Eur J Appl Physiol

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“…There are several adaptations which likely occur after high-intensity resistance training which might induce an improvement in the work efficiency of exercising skeletal muscle. First, following highintensity resistance training there is a reduction in myosin heavy chain IIb and an increase in myosin heavy chain IIa (2,40). This alteration in myosin heavy chain composition mirrors the change in fiber type composition, with a reduction in the percentage of type IIb fibers and an increase in the percentage of type IIa fibers (2).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…First, following highintensity resistance training there is a reduction in myosin heavy chain IIb and an increase in myosin heavy chain IIa (2,40). This alteration in myosin heavy chain composition mirrors the change in fiber type composition, with a reduction in the percentage of type IIb fibers and an increase in the percentage of type IIa fibers (2). These alterations would reduce the metabolic cost related to muscle tension and enhance contractile efficiency (13).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Maximal strength training and increased work efficiency: contribution from the trained muscle bed

Barrett-O’Keefe

Helgerud

Wagner

et al. 2012

Journal of Applied Physiology

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Maximal strength training (MST) reduces pulmonary oxygen uptake (V O2) at a given submaximal exercise work rate (i.e., efficiency). However, whether the increase in efficiency originates in the trained skeletal muscle, and therefore the impact of this adaptation on muscle blood flow and arterial-venous oxygen difference (a-vO 2diff), is unknown. Thus five trained subjects partook in an 8-wk MST intervention consisting of half-squats with an emphasis on the rate of force development during the concentric phase of the movement. Pre-and posttraining measurements of pulmonary V O2 (indirect calorimetry), single-leg blood flow (thermodilution), and single-leg a-vO2diff (blood gases) were performed, to allow the assessment of skeletal muscle V O2 during submaximal cycling [237 Ϯ 23 W; ϳ60% of their peak pulmonary V O2 (V O2peak)]. Pulmonary V O2peak (ϳ4.05 l/min) and peak work rate (ϳ355 W), assessed during a graded exercise test, were unaffected by MST. As expected, following MST there was a significant reduction in pulmonary V O2 during steady-state submaximal cycling (ϳ237 W: 3.2 Ϯ 0.1 to 2.9 Ϯ 0.1 l/min). This was accompanied by a significant reduction in single-leg V O2 (1,101 Ϯ 105 to 935 Ϯ 93 ml/min) and single-leg blood flow (6,670 Ϯ 700 to 5,649 Ϯ 641 ml/min), but no change in single-leg a-vO2diff (16.7 Ϯ 0.8 to 16.8 Ϯ0.4 ml/dl). These data confirm an MSTinduced reduction in pulmonary V O2 during submaximal exercise and identify that this change in efficiency originates solely in skeletal muscle, reducing muscle blood flow, but not altering muscle a-vO2diff. oxygen consumption; blood flow; work economy DURING CYCLE EXERCISE, at a given submaximal work rate (WR), pulmonary oxygen uptake (V O 2 ) is similar between individuals of varying aerobic capacities [peak V O 2 (V O 2peak )] (34). This is true despite the complex, systemwide metabolic costs of exercise, such as ventilatory and cardiac muscle work, ion transport, and exercise-induced alterations in thermoregulation and metabolism, each of which may influence the V O 2 /WR relationship (6,39,43). Thus work efficiency, measured as the ratio of pulmonary V O 2 to work accomplished during submaximal steady-state cycling, is a global assessment of metabolic demand and may be influenced by a change in any of these systems. Therefore, a perturbation or stressor, such as maximal strength training (MST), which has been determined to alter work efficiency (22,26,42), may not simply be attributed to a change in efficiency of the exercising muscle.For over a decade, studies have documented that the use of MST, which consists of high loads and few repetitions, with an emphasis on the maximal rate of force development, improves work efficiency in both sedentary (22) and aerobically trained individuals (26,42), and this MST-induced change is even more evident during high-intensity exercise (22). While it is reasonable to expect enhanced intramuscular efficiency to be a major contributor to this documented improvement in work efficiency, an attenuated O 2 cost, external ...

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“…All subject groups showed a typical compensatory shift in MHC isoform expression that is generally accepted to occur in response to both endurance (54) and resistance (1,6,20,60) training. There was a marked decrease in the number of histologically determined myofibers expressing exclusively MHC IIx in all groups, whereas the number of MHC IIa expressing myofibers significantly increased in all but elderly women.…”

Section: Strength Vs Hypertrophy; Non-muscle-mass Adaptationsmentioning

confidence: 93%

Efficacy of 3 days/wk resistance training on myofiber hypertrophy and myogenic mechanisms in young vs. older adults

Kosek

Kim

Petrella

et al. 2006

Journal of Applied Physiology

411

336

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. Efficacy of 3 days/wk resistance training on myofiber hypertrophy and myogenic mechanisms in young vs. older adults. J Appl Physiol 101: [531][532][533][534][535][536][537][538][539][540][541][542][543][544] 2006. First published April 13, 2006; doi:10.1152/japplphysiol.01474.2005.-Resistance training (RT) has shown the most promise in reducing/reversing effects of sarcopenia, although the optimum regime specific for older adults remains unclear. We hypothesized myofiber hypertrophy resulting from frequent (3 days/wk, 16 wk) RT would be impaired in older (O; 60 -75 yr; 12 women, 13 men), sarcopenic adults compared with young (Y; 20 -35 yr; 11 women, 13 men) due to slowed repair/regeneration processes. Myofiber-type distribution and crosssectional area (CSA) were determined at 0 and 16 wk. Transcript and protein levels of myogenic regulatory factors (MRFs) were assessed as markers of regeneration at 0 and 24 h postexercise, and after 16 wk. Only Y increased type I CSA 18% (P Ͻ 0.001). O showed smaller type IIa (Ϫ16%) and type IIx (Ϫ24%) myofibers before training (P Ͻ 0.05), with differences most notable in women. Both age groups increased type IIa (O, 16%; Y, 25%) and mean type II (O, 23%; Y, 32%) size (P Ͻ 0.05). Growth was generally most favorable in young men. Percent change scores on fiber size revealed an age ϫ gender interaction for type I fibers (P Ͻ 0.05) as growth among Y (25%) exceeded that of O (4%) men. Myogenin and myogenic differentiation factor D (MyoD) mRNAs increased (P Ͻ 0.05) in Y and O, whereas myogenic factor (myf)-5 mRNA increased in Y only (P Ͻ 0.05). Myf-6 protein increased (P Ͻ 0.05) in both Y and O. The results generally support our hypothesis as 3 days/wk training led to more robust hypertrophy in Y vs. O, particularly among men. However, this differential hypertrophy adaptation was not explained by age variation in MRF expression. sarcopenia; myogenin; MyoD; myosin heavy chain IT IS WELL ESTABLISHED THAT muscle mass declines with age (termed sarcopenia). In the knee extensors (e.g., vastus lateralis), which are important for ambulation and weight-bearing function, a 30% decrease in whole muscle size occurs between the ages of 50 and 80 yr (15,40). This whole muscle atrophy results from atrophy of type II myofibers (34) and apparent loss of both type I and type II motor units as evidence from cadaveric studies of vastus lateralis indicate the number of myofibers, regardless of fiber type, declines substantially between the sixth and eighth decades (39). In the United States, $18.5 billion of total direct health care costs in 2000 were attributable to sarcopenia (31), and this will undoubtedly increase because the percentage of American adults 65 yr and older is expected to increase from one in nine to 20% of the adult population by 2030 (National Institute on Aging statistics). Resistance training has shown the most promise among interventions aimed to decrease the effects of sarcopenia, as it enhances strength, power, and mobility function and induces varying degrees of skeletal musc...

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Skeletal muscle myosin heavy chain composition and resistance training

Cited by 232 publications

References 17 publications

Irisin and FNDC5: effects of 12-week strength training, and relations to muscle phenotype and body mass composition in untrained women

Irisin and FNDC5: effects of 12-week strength training, and relations to muscle phenotype and body mass composition in untrained women

Maximal strength training and increased work efficiency: contribution from the trained muscle bed

Efficacy of 3 days/wk resistance training on myofiber hypertrophy and myogenic mechanisms in young vs. older adults

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