Skeletal Defects Induced by Cyclophosphamide (Endoxan-Asta) in Chick Embryos—Preliminary Report: Department of Anatomy

Forelimb malformation in rats caused by cyclophosphamide

“…Since chondrification and ossification proceed in a proximodistal sequence in the limbs (Zwilling 1961), the suppressive effect of CPA depends on the stage of differentiation of the limb bud at the time of administration of the drug. CPA is known to have a selective inhibitory effect on the proliferating mesenchyme of the developing embryos (Murphy et al 1958, Chaube et al 1967, Singh et al 1971 and thus interferes with normal chondrogenesis and osteogenesis. CPA is first activated in the liver of the host, resulting in the liberation of the alkylating radical (Brock 19671, the major action of which seems to be related to inhibition of ITNA synthesis (Chaube et al 1967).…”

Abnormal patterns of ossification in the hands of foetuses produced by cyclophosphamide administration to pregnant rats

“…Cyclophosphamide is known to have a selective inhibitory effect on the proliferating mesenchyme of developing em bryos [Murphy et al, 1958: Chaube et al, 1967Singh et al, 1971 j and thus interferes with normal chondrogenesis and osteogenesis. In the sequence of events leading to development of a limb, its distal portion, which is rapidly proliferating, lies within a critical period of sensitivity to such inhibition [H askin, 1948].…”