Skeletal Anomalies in Senegalese Sole (Solea senegalensis, Kaup) Fed with Different Commercial Enriched Artemia: A Study in Postlarvae and Juveniles

Abstract

The high incidence of skeletal anomalies in Senegalese sole (Solea senegalensis) still constitutes a bottleneck constraining its production. There are diverse commercially available products for the enrichment of live preys, but few reports of their influence on skeletogenesis in Senegalese sole. This study evaluated the presence of vertebral anomalies in postlarvae and juvenile Senegalese sole fed with Artemia spp. metanauplii enriched with four commercial products (EA, EB, EC, and ED) in a fish farm. The most frequent alterations consisted of deformations of the neural/haemal arches and spines and fusions and deformations of hypurals, epural, or parhypural. The correspondence analysis ordered fish from each age in separated semiaxis, indicating the presence of different anomaly patterns for the two sampled stages. The results showed only very light changes in the frequency of vertebral abnormalities among tested enrichment products, i.e., individuals from EC and EA lots displayed less vertebral body anomalies and/or vertebral column deviations at 31 and 105 days after hatching, respectively. The existence of a large shared malformation pattern in all the experimental groups leads to impute to the rearing conditions as the main driving factor of the onset of such group of anomalies, probably masking some dietary effect.

Skeletal Development and Deformities in Tench (Tinca tinca): From Basic knowledge to Regular Monitoring Procedure

“…Finally, lower incidence (<20%) of skeletal deformities were found in the structures from the caudal fin complex in early stages of development. A diverse set and higher incidence of deformities in the caudal fin complex of other fish species have been reported [16,40,42,43,50,51]. Nevertheless, because those deformities did not affect the locomotive performance of the fish and/or their viability, they are generally considered as non-severe deformities.…”

First feed matters: The first diet of larval fish programmes growth, survival, and metabolism of larval ballan wrasse (Labrus bergylta)

“…Phosphorus levels in formulated diets are usually rather high (e.g. the Gemma micro we used contains 1.3% P), while enriched Artemia might contain an order of magnitude less phosphorus (0.08-0.15% of body mass using several different enrichments products reported by de Azevedo et al, 2021). It might well be possible that the ossification of the fastest growing larvae was limited by phosphorus availability when feeding on copepods, cirripeds or Artemia, while slower growing larvae reached the onset of ossification when high phosphorus diets in the form of formulated diets were abundant.…”

Rapid Determination of Vitamin D3 in Aquatic Products by Polypyrrole-Coated Magnetic Nanoparticles Extraction Coupled with High-Performance Liquid Chromatography Detection

“…VD 3 concentration was determined by de Azevedo’s method [ 25 ] with slight modifications. Briefly, 10 μL of sample filtrate was loaded onto a 1260 Agilent HPLC system (Waldbronn, Germany) with a C 18 column (4.6 × 250 mm, 5 μm) (Elite, Dalian, China) at 40 °C.…”