First feed matters: The first diet of larval fish programmes growth, survival, and metabolism of larval ballan wrasse (Labrus bergylta)

A novel gnotobiotic experimental system for Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) reveals a microbial influence on mucosal barrier function and adipose tissue accumulation during the yolk sac stage

“…Therefore, the presence of specific bacterial communities found in colonized CVZ but not in CVR fry, may affect both the mobilization of lipids from the maternal yolk depots (non-dietary), and the subsequent visceral adipose tissue storage during this early life stage. This phenotype could be advantageous during the first-feeding transition by providing a positive energy balance, preceding a period of starvation and more active swimming ( China and Holzman, 2014 ; Voesenek et al., 2018 ), critical for larval survivorship of many aquaculture species ( Holm, 1986 ; Garrido et al., 2015 ; Vadstein et al., 2018 ; Benini et al., 2022 ; Malzahn et al., 2022 ). In fact, previous work from others has shown that microbial colonization promotes adipose tissue accumulation and that specific microbial communities regulate adipose tissue accumulation ( Bäckhed et al., 2004 ; Ridaura et al., 2013 ).…”

Broodstock development, induced spawning and larval rearing of the bilih, Mystacoleucus padangensis (Bleeker, 1852), a vulnerable species, and its potential as a new aquaculture candidate

“…However, live feeds such as Artemia, Daphnia manga, rotifers, copepods, among others, are still necessary for most larvae at feeding times. [44][45][46] According to Tancioni et al, 47 the growth rate of the brook chup (Squalius cutemonis, Cyprinid) when fed rotifers between 10 and 20 DPH is 0.8%/day; when fed copepods (from 40-50 DPH), the growth rate slightly increases to 2.4%/day. The different feeding regimes have evident effects on larval performance.…”

“…Larvae Ballan wrasse (Labrus bergylta) receiving copepods as their initial diet indicated significantly higher survival rates than those fed on rotifers. 45 Whether M. padangensis larvae receiving rotifers as an initial diet, continuing with copepods, and so on with Artemia nauplii can increase larval survival by more than 28.4 AE 3.04% is still poorly understood. In addition to the type of feed given, the stocking density of the larvae (15-300 larvae/m -2 ) has also been shown to affect the growth of giant gourami (Osphronemus goramy) larvae reared from 7 DPH to 21 DPH.…”

“…Researchers have reported that the survival rate for the larvae of each fish species varies depending on the feeding protocol. 32,47,45 Additionally, poor nutrition during larval development has an adverse effect on survival rates. Malnutrition causes a decrease in larval survival, for example, by indirectly decelerating the growth rate, resulting in a longer larval stage and poorer larval activity ability, increasing predators' opportunities to prey on the larvae.…”

Editorial: Live feed for early ontogenetic development in marine fish larvae

“…Genomic or genetic studies of live feed organisms should be addressed to clarify the effects of culture managements on their physiology (e.g., nutrient synthesis, stress tolerance) (Nielsen et al, 2019;Lee et al, 2022). The production of other live feed candidates, such as the recent successful larviculture project of ballan wrasse (Labrus bergylta) using cryo-preserved barnacle nauplii called "CryoPlankton" from Planktonic Co., Norway (Malzahn et al, 2022), and gelatinous zooplankton (e.g., flame jellyfish Rhopilema esculentum for feeding larval silver pomfret Pampus argenteus and larvacean for eel larvae) should be developed to support the successful larviculture of emerging aquaculture species (MochiokaIwamizu, 1996;Liu et al, 2015). Overall, the optimization of live feed production, conservation for shipment (e.g., cryopreservation or artificially-induced resting stages) and the improvement of enrichment techniques are still hot topics.…”