Skarns and Skarn Deposits of Turkey

Kuşcu, İ̇lkay

doi:10.1007/978-3-030-02950-0_7

Cited by 16 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 58 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…Regionally, mineralization is spatially and genetically associated with Üçkapılı intrusive rocks. This includes Fe-skarns [24], and vein-deposits of Fe [25] and Sb-Hg [26]. The Madsen Sb-Hg deposit, 1 km north-northeast of Ç amardı (Figure 2), consists of quartzstibnite ± pyrite veins along foliation planes, fold crests, and marble-gneiss contacts in the Gümüşler Formation, and is associated with silicification, sericitization, and chloritization [26].…”

Section: Regional and Local Geologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Mineralogical Analysis of the Kestel Mine: An Early Bronze Age Source of Tin Ore in the Taurus Mountains, Turkey

Powell

Yazgan

Johnson³

et al. 2021

Minerals

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Since its discovery in 1987, the Early Bronze Kestel Mine has been a topic of archaeological and geological controversy. The initial interpretation of the extensive marble-hosted galleries as the oldest known tin mine was challenged due to the low tin grade in remaining hematite-quartz veins, and it was suggested that Kestel was more likely mined for gold. Mineralogical analysis of the remaining mineralization was compared to a heavy mineral concentrate extracted from the soil preserved within the mine. The compositionally complex, arsenate-rich mineral assemblage from the mine sediment, contrasts with that of the remaining surface mineralization. Thus, the outcropping veins do not represent the nature of the extracted ore. Only one grain of gold was found in the heavy mineral concentrate, whereas cassiterite composed 1.5% of the sample. Cassiterite occurs in complex assemblages with arsenates, clays, hematite, quartz, and dolomite, bearing resemblance to hematite-arsenate tin mineralization that occurs near Kayseri, 60 km to the northeast. These findings indicate that although gold was a trace component of the Kestel ore, cassiterite was the mineral of interest to the Early Bronze Age miners, and that Kestel represents the earliest evidence thus far for an emerging pattern of local tin exploitation.

show abstract

Section: Regional and Local Geologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Mineralogical Analysis of the Kestel Mine: An Early Bronze Age Source of Tin Ore in the Taurus Mountains, Turkey

Powell

Yazgan

Johnson³

et al. 2021

Minerals

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Paleo-ve Neo-Tetis okyanusal havzaları, Paleozoyik ve Mezozoyik zamanlarında kuzeyde yer alan Lavrasya ve güneydeki Gondwana kıtalarının arasında açılan ve kapanan havzalardır [107]. Bu havzaların kapanması ile doğan mikro-kıtalar kolajının en önemli sonucu Tetis-Avrasya Metalojenik Kuşağı'dır (TAMK; Şekil 1a, [108,109] [108,110,111]. Bunlardan en önemlilerinden biri de Türkiye'nin kuzeydoğusunda yer alan ve dar bir Geç Kretase magmatik yay segmentinin kalıntılarını içeren Doğu Pontid Metalojenik Kuşağı'dır (DPMK).…”

Section: Bölgesel Jeolojiunclassified

Murgul ve Lahanos Volkanojenik Masif Sülfit (VMS) Cevherleşmelerinin Cevher Mineralojisi (KD Türkiye): Doğu Pontidlerin zıt uçlarında yer alan iki cevherleşmenin karşılaştırması

Akbulut

2020

Deu Muhendislik Fakultesi Fen Ve Muhendislik

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

ÖzTürkiye'nin kuzeydoğusunda yer alan Doğu Pontid Metalojenik Kuşağı, volkanojenik masif sülfür cevherleşmelerini barındırmaktadır. Bu çalışmada bölgenin doğu ve batı uçlarında yer alan Murgul ve Lahanos bakır yataklarının cevher mineralojileri karşılaştırılmalı olarak incelenmiştir. Yeni veriler, her iki yatağın bölgedeki Üst Kretase yay volkanizmasının gelişimi sırasında iki farklı volkanik evre arasında gelişmiş deniz tabanı hidtotermal aktivitesinin ürünleri olduğunu desteklemektedir. Murgul yatağı bu tip sistemlerdeki saçınım ve stokvörk beslenme kanallarını, Lahanos yatağı ise reküranslar gösteren parajenezle karakterize denizaltı sülfür yığınlarını iyi şekilde temsil eder. Bu çalışmada adı geçen yataklardan verilen parajenetik bilgiler, ana cevherleşme evrelerinin zamanlaması ve/veya cevherleşme sonrası rejüvenasyon süreçlerinin daha iyi anlaşılmasında, ve bölgesel metalojenezik yap-bozun diğer eksik parçalarının tamamlanmasında yardımcı olacağı düşünülen ve daha sonrasına yönelik planlanan direkt cevherden radyometrik yaş çalışmaları ve cevher mineral kimyası çalışmaları için önemli bir altlık veri sağlamaktadır.

show abstract

“…Skarn deposits are a noteworthy category of mineral resources that result from the complex geological interaction of magmatic, hydrothermal, and metasomatic processes [1]. The Biga Peninsula in northwestern Turkey is particularly rich in such deposits, with Fe skarns and Cu skarns being prominent [2][3][4][5]. Fe skarns are often associated with the regional Oligocene to Lower Miocene granitoids and often occur with porphyry copper or epithermal gold deposits [3,[6][7][8][9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The Biga Peninsula in northwestern Turkey is particularly rich in such deposits, with Fe skarns and Cu skarns being prominent [2][3][4][5]. Fe skarns are often associated with the regional Oligocene to Lower Miocene granitoids and often occur with porphyry copper or epithermal gold deposits [3,[6][7][8][9]. These skarns have a high iron content and may also display copper enrichment, especially in areas where magnetite undergoes alteration to hematite.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sulfur and Carbon–Oxygen Isotopic Geochemistry and Fluid Inclusion Characteristics of the Yolindi Cu-Fe Skarn Mineralization, Biga Peninsula, NW Turkey: Implications for the Source and Evolution of Hydrothermal Fluids

Kaya,

Kumral,

Yalçın

et al. 2023

Minerals

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The current study sought to investigate the physiochemical conditions and fluid evolution within the Yolindi Cu-Fe skarn mineralization located in the Biga Peninsula, NW Turkey. This was accomplished through a comprehensive investigation of geological and mineralogical data, along with isotopic analyses of sulfur (δ34S), carbon (δ13C), and oxygen (δ18O) of sulfide and calcite minerals, respectively, as well as fluid inclusion data pertaining to various minerals (e.g., andradite, quartz, and calcite). The Yolindi area features a complex geological framework, including the Paleozoic Kalabak Group (which includes the Torasan, Yolindi, and Sazak formations) and the Triassic Karakaya Complex. These formations were subsequently intruded via Early Miocene Şaroluk granitoids and Hallaçlar volcanics. Skarn formation is zoned into endoskarn and exoskarn types (being categorized into proximal, intermediate, and distal zones), with distinct mineral assemblages indicating concentric and contact metamorphic alteration patterns around the western part of Şaroluk granitoid intrusion in contact with the Torasan formation. The ore mineralogy and paragenesis suggest three distinct stages of evolution: an initial phase of prograde metasomatism characterized by the formation of magnetite and pyrite alongside anhydrous calc-silicate minerals; a subsequent phase of retrograde alteration marked by the formation of epidote, actinolite, and scapolite, accompanied by the occurrence of chalcopyrite and specular hematite; and finally, a post-metasomatic stage involving oxidation processes that led to the development of secondary mineral assemblages containing cerussite, covellite, and malachite. Sulfur isotopes (δ34S) of sulfides from endoskarn (from +0.27 to +0.57‰VCDT) to intermediate exoskarn (from −9.44 to −5.46‰VCDT) zones indicate a diverse sulfur source, including magmatic, sedimentary, and possibly organic matter. δ34S values in hydrothermal fluids suggest a magmatic–hydrothermal origin, with endoskarn and proximal zone fluids showing a slight negative signature and intermediate zone fluids indicating a strong influence from organic-rich or metamorphic sulfur reservoirs. Carbon and oxygen isotopic compositions (δ13C and δ18O) of calcite revealed a progression from marine carbonate signatures in marble samples (from +1.89 to +2.23‰VPDB; from +21.61 to +21.73‰VSMOW) to depleted values in prograde (from −6.0 to +0.09‰VPDB; from +6.22 to +18.14‰VSMOW) and retrograde skarns (from −3.8 to −2.25‰VPDB; from +0.94 to +3.62‰VSMOW), reflecting interactions with high-temperature magmatic fluids and meteoric water mixing. The fluid inclusions in prograde minerals generated under the conditions of fluid boiling exhibited high temperatures, reaching up to 412 °C, and salinities up to 26 wt.% NaCl equivalent. Conversely, the fluid inclusions in retrograde minerals, which were generated due to fluid mixing, exhibited lower temperatures (with an average of 318 °C) and salinities with an average of 4.9 wt.% NaCl equivalent. This indicated that the cooler and more diluted fluids mix with meteoric waters and interact with organic materials in the host rocks. This suggests a multifaceted origin involving various sources and processes. Therefore, this study concluded that the skarn mineralization in the Yolindi area resulted from complex interactions between magmatic, metamorphic, and meteoric fluids, reflecting a dynamic ore-forming environment with implications for the regional metallogeny of Cu-Fe skarn deposits.

show abstract

Skarns and Skarn Deposits of Turkey

Cited by 16 publications

References 58 publications

Mineralogical Analysis of the Kestel Mine: An Early Bronze Age Source of Tin Ore in the Taurus Mountains, Turkey

Mineralogical Analysis of the Kestel Mine: An Early Bronze Age Source of Tin Ore in the Taurus Mountains, Turkey

Murgul ve Lahanos Volkanojenik Masif Sülfit (VMS) Cevherleşmelerinin Cevher Mineralojisi (KD Türkiye): Doğu Pontidlerin zıt uçlarında yer alan iki cevherleşmenin karşılaştırması

Sulfur and Carbon–Oxygen Isotopic Geochemistry and Fluid Inclusion Characteristics of the Yolindi Cu-Fe Skarn Mineralization, Biga Peninsula, NW Turkey: Implications for the Source and Evolution of Hydrothermal Fluids

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About