Sizing battery energy storage and PV system in an extreme fast charging station considering uncertainties and battery degradation

Rehman, Waqas ur; Bo, Rui; Mehdipourpicha, Hossein; Kimball, Jonathan W.

doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2022.118745

Cited by 32 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 111 publications

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“…A very important type of storage is acid and lithium-ion batteries. The most important problem in the battery storage systems is their short lifespan and high price-much depends on the method of operation and the depth of the discharge of the cells [54]. It should be noted that, in the model based solely on renewable energy sources, energy storage will not only be used for balancing the daily energy consumption but for seasonal balancing-in winter, a small amount of electricity is generated in the solar farms.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Solar Farms as the Only Power Source for the Entire Country

Manowska

Nowrot

2022

Energies

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The presented paper shows a hypothetical large solar farm that would be the only source of electricity for the entire country. The energy crisis in Europe raises the question of whether it is possible to supply an electrical system based only on renewable energy sources. What should the surface area of the solar panels be in a hypothetical large solar farm to power the entire country? In this work, we will show what requirements must be met to make this feasible. Very important differences between the installed power capacity in a coal-fired or nuclear power plant and a solar power plant are discussed. The article presents calculations of the surface area of photovoltaic panels in that solar farm for four exemplary countries in Central Europe: Poland, Germany, the Czech Republic and the Slovak Republic. These studies are particularly important for Poland, whose electrical system is still mainly based on coal-fired power plants. The hypothetical solar farm could, in practice, take the form of dozens of solar power plants located in different parts of the country. Most importantly, the proposed solution will counteract climate change.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Solar Farms as the Only Power Source for the Entire Country

Manowska

Nowrot

2022

Energies

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Section: Optimization Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Moreover, this approach generally leads to over-conservative designs [154]. Robust optimization is gaining interest in the last decade concerning the techno-economic optimization of RE systems [67,103] but remains limited compared to stochastic optimization schemes (Figure 7). In other fields, such as aeronautics and structural mechanics, the following alternative robust optimization method is applied: robust design optimization (RDO) [43].…”

Section: Optimization Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Economic and Regulatory Uncertainty in Renewable Energy System Design: A Review

et al. 2023

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Renewable energy is increasingly mobilizing more investment around the globe. However, there has been little attention to evaluating economic and regulatory (E&R) uncertainties, despite their enormous impact on the project cashflows. Consequently, this review analyzes, classifies, and discusses 130 articles dealing with the design of renewable energy projects under E&R uncertainties. After performing a survey and identifying the selected manuscripts, and the few previous reviews on the matter, the following innovative categorization is designed: sources of uncertainty, uncertainty characterization methods, problem formulations, solution methods, and regulatory frameworks. The classification reveals that electricity price is the most considered source of uncertainty, often alone, despite the existence of six other equally influential groups of E&R uncertainties. In addition, real options and optimization arise as the two main approaches researchers use to solve problems in energy system design. Subsequently, the following aspects of interest are discussed in depth: how modeling can be improved, which are the most influential variables, and potential lines of research. Conclusions show the necessity of modeling E&R uncertainties with currently underrepresented methods, suggest several policy recommendations, and encourage the integration of prevailing approaches.

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“…The literatures ignore these two costs, so the economics of their total benefits are questionable. Research in [32] calculates the optimal capacity of the battery storage system and the PV generation system in a fast-charging station using mixedinteger linear programming (MILP). This paper additionally considers the differences in optimized operation for various typical scenarios.…”

Section: A Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bi-Level Optimizing Model for Microgrids With Fast Lithium Battery Energy Storage Considering Degradation Effect

Wang

et al. 2023

IEEE Access

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The nonlinear degradation effect of the fast lithium battery energy storage system (FLBESS) and the time-scale variability of peak shaving and frequency regulation both make the optimal operation of the microgrid more challenging. Therefore, this paper presents a bi-level optimization model to balance the degradation cost of lithium battery and the benefit of peak shaving and frequency regulation and improve the utilization of FLBESS while dealing with the multiple time scales optimization problems. The upper-level model mainly optimizes the day-ahead hourly power to minimize the power purchase cost and wind and solar power curtailment cost while calculating the internal parameters of the FLBESS to supply the lower-level model for the solution. The lower model optimizes the intra-hour economic cost and coordinates the frequency regulation benefit and lithium battery degradation cost. Finally, case studies are conducted using a regional microgrid to verify that the model solution satisfies the requirements for optimal system operation. In contrast, the model has the advantages of lower economic cost, more significant life extension effect, and higher energy storage utilization rate. The results show that the annual costs were reduced by 14.9%, and the battery life was increased by 19.0% than without considering degradation.INDEX TERMS Fast lithium battery energy storage system, bi-level optimization, nonlinear degradation effect, frequency regulation, multiple time scales. NOMENCLATURE A. ACRONYMS

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Sizing battery energy storage and PV system in an extreme fast charging station considering uncertainties and battery degradation

Cited by 32 publications

References 111 publications

Solar Farms as the Only Power Source for the Entire Country

Solar Farms as the Only Power Source for the Entire Country

Economic and Regulatory Uncertainty in Renewable Energy System Design: A Review

Bi-Level Optimizing Model for Microgrids With Fast Lithium Battery Energy Storage Considering Degradation Effect

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