Size Tunable Cesium Antimony Chloride Perovskite Nanowires and Nanorods

Abstract

All-inorganic perovskite nanocrystals are emergent alternative of organolead halide perovskites. Cesium antimony halide (Cs3Sb2X9, X = Cl, Br, I) all-inorganic perovskites nanocrystals possessing analogous electronic configuration to the organolead halide perovskites are promising materials for optoelectronic applications. We report on a colloidal route to synthesis uniform Cs3Sb2Cl9 perovskite nanowires with lengths up to several microns. We have synthesized aspect ratio controlled nanorods with the same ∼20 nm diameter of nanowires by tuning the precursors and ligands in the reaction. The crystallinity of the nanocrystals is significantly altered from the pristine bulk trigonal and orthorhombic phases owing to the one-dimensional shape of the nanocrystals. Rietveld refinement carefully separates out orthorhombic phase from the trigonal phase revealing a coexistence of both the phases in a minor and major ratio in the nanocrystals. The functionality in the form of fast photodetector demonstrates Cs3Sb2Cl9 nanocrystals as promising materials for optoelectronic applications.

Lead‐Free Metal Halide Perovskite Nanocrystals: Challenges, Applications, and Future Aspects

“…Followed by this there is a report on the colloidal synthesis of Cs 3 Sb 2 Cl 9 nanorods (NRs) and nanowires (NWs) exhibiting photoresponse behavior (Figure e,f) . The hot injection of cesium precursor into the antimony and chlorine precursor produces uniform NRs and NWs.…”

“…The current (I)‐voltage (V) measurement reveals enhanced current under illumination. Photoresponse measurement on Cs 3 Sb 2 Cl 9 NCs shows stable photoswitching behavior over a long period of time with the rise time of 0.13 s and decay time of 0.23 s, suggesting potential application of lead‐free perovskites as photodetectors . Though these NWs and NRs shows similar morphology with that of the lead based system the optoelectronic properties are quite poor which is mainly due to the defect order perovskite structure and possible enhanced non radiative recombination dynamics through the possible formation of major trap states throughout the surface of the NCs ,…”

“…A large number of optoelectronic devices have been prepared to utilize these NCs e. g. solar cell, light‐emitting diodes, photodetectors, and lasers . The nanodimension properties of Pb‐free perovskites still yet to be explored ,,. Moreover, some of the material can crystallize only in nanoparticle form for the kinetic control of growth rather their thermodynamic stable bulk form.…”

“…The Sn‐based MHPs are stabilized by partial addition of SnF 2 as reducing agents. The advancement in this field shows that the replacement of Pb 2+ with relatively less toxic isoelectronic trivalent cations (e. g. Bi 3+ , Sb 3+ ) might be useful for potential optoelectronic applications . The first‐principal calculation predicts a possible substitution of two divalent Pb 2+ with less‐toxic one monovalent cation and one trivalent cation, demanding further studies on this field ,.…”

Lead‐Free Halide Perovskite Nanocrystals: Crystal Structures, Synthesis, Stabilities, and Optical Properties

“…c) Schematic representation of photodetector device (top left), CV characteristics of CSC NWs in dark and under illumination (top right; inset: optical image of the device), photoswitching behavior at around 0.9 V revealing fast switching ON and OFF states with time interval of approximately 500 ms (bottom left), rise ( t r ) and decay ( t d ) time of a single ON–OFF cycle (bottom right). Reproduced with permission . Copyright 2018, American Chemical Society.…”