Size-selective downward particle transport by cirratulid polychaetes

Shull, David H.; Yasuda, Michie

doi:10.1357/002224001762842271

Cited by 48 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 40 publications

(47 reference statements)

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“…Consideration of behaviourally driven tracer mixing over short timescales is essential to the understanding of the fate of organic matter and other important constituents of the sediment profile. As the burial of particles is unpredictable, the adoption of a diffusive analogy averaged over extended time periods is likely to lead to an inaccurate classification of benthic activity (for exceptions, see Shull 2001, Shull & Yasuda 2001. One alternative method has been the formulation of complex models tailored towards particular species or functional types (e.g.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although the precise form and rate of bioturbation is generally species-specific (e.g. Forster & Graf 1995, Shull & Yasuda 2001 and may covary with respect to other environmental variables (e.g. Solan & Kennedy 2002, Biles et al 2003, the combined effect of infaunal activity on the properties of the sediment has important implications for many ecosystem processes; bioturbation directly affects organic matter remineralisation and decomposition (Anderson & Kristensen 1991, Aller 1994, nutrient cycling (Furukawa et al 2001), pollutant release (Gilbert et al 1994), sediment resuspension (Rowden et al 1998) and microbial activity (Aller & Yingst 1985).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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In situ quantification of bioturbation using time-lapse fluorescent sediment profile imaging (f-SPI), luminophore tracers and model simulation

Solan¹,

Wigham²,

Hudson³

et al. 2004

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

136

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In order to link actual biological data on bioturbation to the abstract parameters in bioturbation models, high-resolution data on the frequency and lengths of particle displacements are required. The temporal variation in bioturbation for a subtidal macrofaunal assemblage was studied non-invasively and in situ using an optically modified fluorescence sensitive time-lapse sediment profile imaging camera (f-SPI), fluorescent-dyed sediment particles (luminophores) and mathematical modelling. This combined approach allowed tracer particles to be non-invasively tracked and their displacements monitored at an unprecedented spatial (78 µm) and temporal (every 10 min) resolution for extended periods of time (16 h). The redistribution of luminophores was digitally acquired from sequential images and compared to model predictions, with particle transport modelled as (1) a diffusive process, allowing the biodiffusion coefficient, D b , to be estimated, and (2) a non-local process, allowing a reworking activity constant, a, to be calculated. Model predictions of luminophore particle transport for the final image of the f-SPI sequence gave: D b = 1.26 × 10 2 cm 2 yr -1; a = 5.23 × 10 -2 cm -1 yr -1. Discrete values of a fluctuated widely throughout the sequence and allowed discrete bioturbation events to be identified. Time-lapse movie sequences revealed that most of the bioturbation observed during the deployment could be directly attributed to the behaviour of the brachyuran crab Hyas araneus. Our findings demonstrate that f-SPI provides a rapid and non-invasive means to visualise and quantify, in situ, the extent and influence of discrete infaunal bioturbation events on particle mixing. This technique provides detailed information on the spatial and temporal resolution of such bioturbation events, which could significantly improve existing models of bioturbation.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

In situ quantification of bioturbation using time-lapse fluorescent sediment profile imaging (f-SPI), luminophore tracers and model simulation

Solan¹,

Wigham²,

Hudson³

et al. 2004

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

136

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“…The mechanism by which a crack becomes a cylindrical burrow is not known, but is an important area for future research. Permanent burrows are clearly present and abundant in sediments [47,48], but whether burrowers can move through sediments without leaving a permanent trace is, quite literally, unclear. It is also important to note that both the elastic modulus, E, and fracture toughness, G c , increase with depth in the sediment due to compaction, and that grain size (and therefore cohesion) has a strong effect on both properties, but more research on the depth-dependence of these properties is needed [49].…”

Section: Burrowing In Mudmentioning

confidence: 99%

Environmental Constraints on the Mechanics of Crawling and Burrowing Using Hydrostatic Skeletons

Dorgan

2010

Exp Mech

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Mechanics, kinematics, and energetics of crawling and burrowing by limbless organisms using hydrostatic skeletons depend on the medium and mode in which the organism is moving. Whether the animal is moving over or through a solid has long been considered important enough to distinguish crawling and burrowing as different terms, and in fact the mechanics are very different. Crawlers use mechanisms to increase friction to generate thrust while reducing resistive friction. Burrowers in elastic muds extend their burrows by fracture, whereas sands are fluidized by burrowers much larger than grain sizes and smaller burrowers displace individual grains. Gravitational forces depend on how closely the density of the organism matches that of its fluid surroundings, therefore frictional forces depend on whether the organism is moving through air or water and fluidization on whether sands are saturated or unsaturated.

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“…In sediments with high abundances of large surface-feeding polychaetes, for example, downward mixing caused by worm activity may deposit surface material, including cysts, at depth (Levin et al 1997, Shull & Yasuda 2001, where excystment is most likely prevented by dark anoxic conditions (Keafer et al 1992). Some benthic habitats, on the other hand, are dominated by subsurface-feeding species that defecate on the surface, such as Capitella sp.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of deposit-feeder gut passage and fecal pellet encapsulation on germination of dinoflagellate resting cysts

Kremp¹,

Shull²,

Anderson³

2003

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

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Many species of dinoflagellates spend much of their lives buried in sediments as resting cysts. While on the bottom, cysts may pass through the guts of deposit feeders before conditions become favorable for germination. Little is known, however, about how dinoflagellate cysts are affected by deposit-feeder digestion, fecal pellet formation, and translocation within the sediment column. To answer the question of whether gut passage or pelletization reduces cyst germination, we fed cysts of the dinoflagellate Scrippsiella lachrymosa to 3 polychaete deposit feeders, Capitella sp., Streblospio benedicti, and Polydora cornuta. Fecal pellets of these species have different morphologies and represent a wide range of pellet robustness. To examine the effects of longer gut-passage times, cysts were incubated in the digestive fluids of the polychaete Arenicola marina for up to 24 h, and monitored to determine germination success. Cysts were remarkably resistant to digestion by deposit-feeding polychaetes, and were capable of germinating even within the robust fecal pellets of Capitella. In fact, cysts were more likely to germinate within fecal pellets of Capitella than outside those pellets. Thus, pellets may be favorable environments for germination of resting cysts. Our data suggest that deposit-feeder gut passage and pelletization do not substantially reduce germination of dinoflagellate cysts in the field, and may even enhance it.

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Size-selective downward particle transport by cirratulid polychaetes

Cited by 48 publications

References 40 publications

In situ quantification of bioturbation using time-lapse fluorescent sediment profile imaging (f-SPI), luminophore tracers and model simulation

In situ quantification of bioturbation using time-lapse fluorescent sediment profile imaging (f-SPI), luminophore tracers and model simulation

Environmental Constraints on the Mechanics of Crawling and Burrowing Using Hydrostatic Skeletons

Effects of deposit-feeder gut passage and fecal pellet encapsulation on germination of dinoflagellate resting cysts

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