Size-resolved source apportionment of ambient particles by positive matrix factorization at Gosan background site in East Asia

Han, Jin-Seok; Moon, Kyungsun; Lee, S. J.; Kim, Y. J.; Ryu, Seon-Young; Cliff, S. S.; Yi, Sang-Heon

doi:10.5194/acp-6-211-2006

Cited by 82 publications

(48 citation statements)

References 22 publications

(31 reference statements)

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“…À0.6 or À0.4) were selected. This profile, tentatively called 'mixed combustion', is in fair agreement with the ones found by Han et al (2006) in sub-micron sized aerosol. This source accounted for 32% of PM1 mass in MI, 12% in FL, and 49% in GE; it presented a seasonal trend, with much higher (about three times) values in winter.…”

Section: Mixed Combustion Florencesupporting

confidence: 73%

A mass closure and PMF source apportionment study on the sub-micron sized aerosol fraction at urban sites in Italy

Vecchi

Chiari²,

D’Alessandro

et al. 2008

Atmospheric Environment

101

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Sub-micron sized particles are of increasing concern owing to their effects on human health and on the environment. Up to now there are still very few studies on PM1 (i.e. particulate matter with aerodynamic diameter smaller than 1 mm) chemical characterisation; the sub-micron sized fraction is not under regulations although it is of interest because it is almost exclusively associated to anthropogenic sources. To perform the first large-scale assessment of sub-micron sized aerosol concentrations, composition and sources, two monitoring campaigns at three urban sites in Italy were carried out during the wintertime and summertime of 2004.Chemical characterisation (elements, soluble ionic fraction, elemental and organic carbon) was carried out on PM1 samples: major contributions were due to organic matter (about 30% in summer and 50% in winter) and ammonium sulphate (about 10% in winter and 40% in summer). During the cold season, nitrates also contributed up to 30% in Milan (lower contributions were registered at the other two urban sites). Chemical mass closure was achieved with an unaccounted mass in the range 14-22%. Positive Matrix Factorisation (PMF) was applied to identify the major submicron sized particles' sources. r

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Section: Mixed Combustion Florencesupporting

confidence: 73%

A mass closure and PMF source apportionment study on the sub-micron sized aerosol fraction at urban sites in Italy

Vecchi

Chiari²,

D’Alessandro

et al. 2008

Atmospheric Environment

101

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“…Factor analytical methods have been applied to chemically speciated aerosol data for more than forty years to identify the sources of particles in urban and rural environments (e.g., Blifford and Meeker, 1967;Thurston and Spengler, 1985;Schauer et al, 1996;Chow and Watson, 2002;Engel-Cox and Weber, 2007;Reff et al, 2007;Viana et al, 2008). Size-resolved concentrations have also been included in some analyses, but comparatively few researchers have simultaneously factored chemical composition data from particles in different size ranges (Yakovleva et al, 1999;Dillner et al, 2005;Han et al, 2006;Pere-Trepat et al, 2007;Yatkin and Bayram, 2008;Amato et al, 2009;Gietl and Klemm, 2009;Karanasiou et al, 2009;Kleeman et al, 2009;Srivastava et al, 2009). All of these studies used data with limited size or temporal resolution, typically 2-6 size ranges and 12-24-h average composition data; the study with the highest size and time resolution had 8 size ranges and 3-hour time resolution (Han et al, 2006).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Size-resolved concentrations have also been included in some analyses, but comparatively few researchers have simultaneously factored chemical composition data from particles in different size ranges (Yakovleva et al, 1999;Dillner et al, 2005;Han et al, 2006;Pere-Trepat et al, 2007;Yatkin and Bayram, 2008;Amato et al, 2009;Gietl and Klemm, 2009;Karanasiou et al, 2009;Kleeman et al, 2009;Srivastava et al, 2009). All of these studies used data with limited size or temporal resolution, typically 2-6 size ranges and 12-24-h average composition data; the study with the highest size and time resolution had 8 size ranges and 3-hour time resolution (Han et al, 2006). In fact, Larson et al (2006) noted that their approach of combining number size distributions with bulk aerosol composition measurements in a factorization analysis was an interim approach until more size-resolved aerosol composition data from aerosol mass spectrometry was available.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Three-dimensional factorization of size-resolved organic aerosol mass spectra from Mexico City

et al. 2012

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Abstract.A size-resolved submicron organic aerosol composition dataset from a high-resolution time-of-flight mass spectrometer (HR-ToF-AMS) collected in Mexico City during the MILAGRO campaign in March 2006 is analyzed using 3-dimensional (3-D) factorization models. A method for estimating the precision of the size-resolved composition data for use with the factorization models is presented here for the first time. Two 3-D models are applied to the dataset. One model is a 3-vector decomposition (PARAFAC model), which assumes that each chemical component has a constant size distribution over all time steps. The second model is a vector-matrix decomposition (Tucker 1 model) that allows a chemical component to have a size distribution that varies in time. To our knowledge, this is the first report of an application of 3-D factorization models to data from fast aerosol instrumentation, and the first application of this vector-matrix model to any ambient aerosol dataset. A larger number of degrees of freedom in the vector-matrix model enable fitting real variations in factor size distributions, but also make the model susceptible to fitting noise in the dataset, giving some unphysical results. For this dataset and model, more physically meaningful results were obtained by partially constraining the factor mass spectra using a priori information and a new regularization method. We find four factors with each model: hydrocarbon-like organic aerosol (HOA), biomass-burning organic aerosol (BBOA), oxidized organic aerosol (OOA), and a locally occurring organic aerosol (LOA). These four factors have previously been reported from 2-dimensional factor analysis of the highresolution mass spectral dataset from this study. The size distributions of these four factors are consistent with previous reports for these particle types. Both 3-D models produce useful results, but the vector-matrix model captures real variability in the size distributions that cannot be captured by the 3-vector model. A tracer m/z-based method provides a useful approximation for the component size distributions in this study. Variation in the size distributions is demonstrated in a case study day with a large secondary aerosol formation event, in which there is evidence for the coating of HOA-containing particles with secondary species, shifting the HOA size distribution to larger particle sizes. These 3-D factorizations could be used to extract size-resolved aerosol composition data for correlation with aerosol hygroscopicity, cloud condensation nuclei (CCN), and other aerosol impacts. Furthermore, other fast and chemically complex 3-D datasets, including those from thermal desorption or chromatographic separation, could be analyzed with these 3-D factorization models. Applications of these models to new datasets requires careful construction of error estimates and appropriate choice of models that match the underlying structure of those data. Factorization studies with these 3-D datasets have the potential to provide further insights into organic aero...

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“…The largest element in Rotmat indicated maximum uncertainty of rotation at the corresponding Fpeak value (Lee et al, 1999). Generally optimum degree of rotational freedom can be determined with preserving a certain limit of Q values (Song et al, 2001;Kim et al, 2003;Han et al, 2006). Optimum modeling conditions for Fpeak and Q value used in our study are given in Table 4.…”

Section: Data Treatment and Pmf Modeilingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantitative Source Apportionment of Size-segregated Particulate Matter at Urbanized Local Site in Korea

Lee

Kim

2011

Aerosol Air Qual. Res.

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The suspended particulate matter (PM) has been collected by a cascade impactor for 2 years (September 2005-September 2007 in Kyung Hee University-Global Campus located on the border of Yongin and Suwon Cites in Korea. PM was separated into 9 fractions with following aerodynamic size ranges: ST1 (> 9 μm), ST2 (5.8-9.0 μm), ST3 (4.7-5.8 μm), ST4 (3.3-4.7 μm), ST5 (2.1-3.3 μm), ST6 (1.1-2.1 μm), ST7 (0.7-1.1 μm), ST8 (0.4-0.7 μm), ST9 (< 0.4 μm). The 20 chemical species (Al, Mn, Si, Fe, Cu, Pb, Cr, Ni, V, Cd, Ba, Zn, Na + , NH 4 + , K + , Mg 2+ , Ca 2+ , Cl -, NO 3 -, SO 4 2-) were analyzed by ion coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry and ion chromatography after proper pretreatments of each sample filter. Based on the chemical information, positive matrix factorization (PMF) was used to identify size-segregated PM sources except for ST9. A total of 11 sources were identified and their contributions were intensively estimated. Further conditional probability function (CPF) was used to examine the potential location of identified sources after PMF modeling, A result of 2-year average source contribution showed that aged sea salt, road dust, long-range transport, and soil sources were most dominant in ST1 (PM > 9.0 μm); mixed automobiles and coal combustion sources in ST5 (2.1 μm < PM < 3.3 μm); oil combustion, secondary aerosol, and incineration in ST8 (0.4 μm < PM < 0.7 μm); and biomass burning source in ST7 (0.7 μm < PM < 1.1 μm), respectively. The relative contribution of most abundant sources was 32.4% of longrange transport source in the coarse particle mode and 34.5% of secondary aerosol in the fine particle mode, respectively. It seems that the size-resolved analysis by PMF provides useful information on controlling local/regional emission sources and on acquiring scientific knowledge for size-resolved aerosol compositions emitted from specific sources.

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Size-resolved source apportionment of ambient particles by positive matrix factorization at Gosan background site in East Asia

Cited by 82 publications

References 22 publications

A mass closure and PMF source apportionment study on the sub-micron sized aerosol fraction at urban sites in Italy

A mass closure and PMF source apportionment study on the sub-micron sized aerosol fraction at urban sites in Italy

Three-dimensional factorization of size-resolved organic aerosol mass spectra from Mexico City

Quantitative Source Apportionment of Size-segregated Particulate Matter at Urbanized Local Site in Korea

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