Quantitative Source Apportionment of Size-segregated Particulate Matter at Urbanized Local Site in Korea

Abstract

The suspended particulate matter (PM) has been collected by a cascade impactor for 2 years (September 2005-September 2007 in Kyung Hee University-Global Campus located on the border of Yongin and Suwon Cites in Korea. PM was separated into 9 fractions with following aerodynamic size ranges: ST1 (> 9 μm), ST2 (5.8-9.0 μm), ST3 (4.7-5.8 μm), ST4 (3.3-4.7 μm), ST5 (2.1-3.3 μm), ST6 (1.1-2.1 μm), ST7 (0.7-1.1 μm), ST8 (0.4-0.7 μm), ST9 (< 0.4 μm). The 20 chemical species (Al, Mn, Si, Fe, Cu, Pb, Cr, Ni, V, Cd, Ba, Zn, Na + , NH 4 + , K + , Mg 2+ , Ca 2+ , Cl -, NO 3 -, SO 4 2-) were analyzed by ion coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry and ion chromatography after proper pretreatments of each sample filter. Based on the chemical information, positive matrix factorization (PMF) was used to identify size-segregated PM sources except for ST9. A total of 11 sources were identified and their contributions were intensively estimated. Further conditional probability function (CPF) was used to examine the potential location of identified sources after PMF modeling, A result of 2-year average source contribution showed that aged sea salt, road dust, long-range transport, and soil sources were most dominant in ST1 (PM > 9.0 μm); mixed automobiles and coal combustion sources in ST5 (2.1 μm < PM < 3.3 μm); oil combustion, secondary aerosol, and incineration in ST8 (0.4 μm < PM < 0.7 μm); and biomass burning source in ST7 (0.7 μm < PM < 1.1 μm), respectively. The relative contribution of most abundant sources was 32.4% of longrange transport source in the coarse particle mode and 34.5% of secondary aerosol in the fine particle mode, respectively. It seems that the size-resolved analysis by PMF provides useful information on controlling local/regional emission sources and on acquiring scientific knowledge for size-resolved aerosol compositions emitted from specific sources.

Size Distribution and Water Soluble Ions of Ambient Particulate Matter on Episode and Non-episode Days in Southern Taiwan

“…The size distribution of sulfate and ammonium in PM reveals a bi-modal distribution of two submicron modes (Cabada et al, 2004) or one submicron and one supermicron mode (Tsai and Kuo, 2006). Therefore, source emissions, human activities, chemical reactions, and meteorological conditions could affect the size portion and composition of PM in urban, rural and industrial areas (Wang et al, 2005;Hu et al, 2010, Oh et al, 2011.…”

Application of Trajectory Clustering and Source Apportionment Methods for Investigating Trans-Boundary Atmospheric PM10 Pollution

“…It has been recognized that air pollution is not only a local but also a regional problem (Oh et al, 2011). Some pollutants can be transported regionally over hundreds or even thousands of kilometers (Bergin et al, 2005;Zheng et al, 2010).…”

Characterization and Source Apportionment of PM2.5 in an Urban Environment in Beijing

“…Source apportionment methods have thus been developed for this purpose. These methods include positive matrix factorization (PMF) (Oh et al, 2011;Gugamsetty et al, 2012), principal component analysis (PCA) (Lee and Hieu, 2011), chemical mass balance (CMB) (Ni et al, 2012), UNMIX (Murillo et al, 2012), etc. Among these methods, PMF is a powerful and widely used multivariate method that can resolve the dominant positive factors without prior knowledge of sources (Cohen et al, 2010;Mooibroek et al, 2011).…”