Size Distribution and Water Soluble Ions of Ambient Particulate Matter on Episode and Non-episode Days in Southern Taiwan

In recent years, atmospheric particulate matter has become the primary air pollutant in Nanjing, China. In order to support a scientific basis for particles reduction, it is of great importance to investigate the contribution of different sources to particulate matter. In this paper, the characteristics of chemical composition of observational data for size-fractionated particulate matter at Gulou site and Pukou site in Nanjing from May 2010 to April 2011 were analyzed. Emission samples of particulate matter were collected and size-fractionated particulate chemical compositions were analyzed to obtain the source profiles. , respectively. The dominant chemical constituents are SO 4 2-, NO 3 -, Ca, NH 4 + , Cl -, Fe, Al, and K, accounting for 93.02% and 91.56% of all of the measured compositions in PM 10 at Gulou and Pukou. These components account for 95.23% and 93.48% of PM 2.1 at Gulou and Pukou. Seven types of sources, including coal combustion dust, construction dust, smelting dust, soil dust, vehicle exhaust, secondary aerosols and sea salt, are considered. The results of source apportionment show that in coarse particles, construction dust contributes a maximum of 58.9% at Gulou and 47.3% at Pukou. Smelting dust, as the second most important source, contributes 14.1% and 19.7% at these two sites. For fine particulate matter, secondary inorganic aerosols and coal dust contribution are the two largest sources accounting for 58.8% and 15.9% at Gulou and 44.2% and 39.5% at Pukou. The findings will be useful for the local government to create efficient control strategies to reduce the emission of construction dust and to pay great attention to the prevention of secondary aerosols and coal combustion dust.

Section: Concentration Of Chemical Speciesmentioning

confidence: 97%

Chemical Mass Balance Source Apportionment of Size-Fractionated Particulate Matter in Nanjing, China

Chen

Wang

et al. 2015

“…This is expected as K + is the major electrolyte in cell cytoplasm, which is released in large amounts of K-rich particulates in the submicron size fraction. Tsai et al (2012) who investigated biomassburning aerosols found that potassium ions were dominant in the fine particles (0.18-1.8 µm) due to burning of vegetative material. Finally, similarly to PM 10 , PM 2.5 present an alkaline character (Cneq/Aneq = 2.23 indoors, 1.45 outdoors), for both periods of campaign 2 as well as for campaign 3 (Cneq/Aneq = 1.12).…”

Section: Pm 25mentioning

confidence: 99%

A Pilot Investigation of PM Indoor/Outdoor Mass Concentration and Chemical Analysis during a Period of Extensive Fireplace Use in Athens

Saraga

Makrogkika

Karavoltsos

et al. 2015

During the recent economic crisis in Greece, fireplaces and wood stoves have been extensively used for domestic heating even in densely populated cities like Athens. Throughout the last winter periods (especially winter 2012-2013), a persistent phenomenon of smoke haze covering many urban and suburban areas of the city was observed. In the framework of the present study, indoor and outdoor PM 10 and PM 2.5 measurements were conducted in an apartment in suburban Athens during December 2012-February 2013 for two periods. One period with minimal or no wood burning at fireplaces and another period with intense wood burning taking place in the area. The results highlighted the impact of biomass burning on PM mass concentration in the ambient atmosphere as well as the indoor air. OC/EC and K + /EC ratios for both (indoor and outdoor) particle fractions revealed their origin from biomass burning. The most abundant ions were SO 4 2-and NO 3 -followed by Ca 2+ , PO 4 3-, Na + for indoor and outdoor particles with levels typical for this suburban area. Finally, Fe strongly dominated in both indoor and outdoor air while elemental enrichment factors highlighted the anthropogenic origin of trace elements. Indoor to outdoor concentration ratios, especially during the period of extensive fireplace use, showed that carbonaceous particles and some trace species (Cu, K + , Na + ) were released in the indoor air.

“…Several researchers have attempted to study the chemical composition and mass size distribution of atmospheric aerosols at different places (Shrestha et al, 2000;Wu et al, 2006;Pio et al, 2008;Stone et al, 2011;Hu et al, 2012;Tsai et al, 2012). In India also, studies on chemical characterization and mass size distribution of water soluble ionic constituents in aerosols have been conducted (Khemani et al, 1985;Safai et al, 1993;Tripathi et al, 1996;Kumar et al, 2003;Rastogi and Sarin, 2005;Kumar et al, 2006;Safai et al, 2008;Kulshrestha et al, 2009;Safai et al, 2010;Deshmukh et al, 2011;George et al, 2011;Ram et al, 2012).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Water Soluble Ionic Species in Atmospheric Aerosols: Concentrations and Sources at Agra in the Indo-Gangetic Plain (IGP)

Satsangi

Pachauri

Singla

et al. 2013

This study presents a comprehensive set of 2 years of data (January 2009-December 2010) on the chemical composition of ambient aerosols collected at a university campus in Agra, which lies on the Indo-Gangetic Plain (IGP). The average concentration of total suspended particles (TSP) was 213. . The crustal source contribution was observed based on the ratios of various ions with respect to Ca in soil and aerosol. On the basis of backward trajectories and the associated concentrations of the ions, the aerosol samples were classified into sectors in relation to their origin to determine the related sources. The major sources of water soluble ions identified at Agra are biomass combustion and local soil.