Size-related properties of vestibular afferent fibers in the frog: Uptake of and immunoreactivity for glycine and aspartate/glutamate

Reichenberger, I.; Dieringer, N.

doi:10.1016/s0306-4522(96)83007-7

Cited by 19 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…The somata of these afferents form the ganglion of Scarpa, which in amphibians is inconspicuously hidden in the VIIIth nerve at the level of its passage through the cranial wall (e.g., Dunn, 1978; Honrubia et al, 1989; Reichenberger and Dieringer, 1994; Straka et al, 1996). Bundles of afferent fibers from individual semicircular canal and otolith endorgans as well as their respective cell bodies in the ganglion are partially segregated with respect to their peripheral origin (Fritzsch et al, 2002).…”

Section: Functional Organization Of Vestibular Circuitriesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ontogenetic Development of Vestibulo-Ocular Reflexes in Amphibians

Branoner

Chagnaud

2016

Front. Neural Circuits

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Vestibulo-ocular reflexes (VOR) ensure gaze stability during locomotion and passively induced head/body movements. In precocial vertebrates such as amphibians, vestibular reflexes are required very early at the onset of locomotor activity. While the formation of inner ears and the assembly of sensory-motor pathways is largely completed soon after hatching, angular and translational/tilt VOR display differential functional onsets and mature with different time courses. Otolith-derived eye movements appear immediately after hatching, whereas the appearance and progressive amelioration of semicircular canal-evoked eye movements is delayed and dependent on the acquisition of sufficiently large semicircular canal diameters. Moreover, semicircular canal functionality is also required to tune the initially omnidirectional otolith-derived VOR. The tuning is due to a reinforcement of those vestibulo-ocular connections that are co-activated by semicircular canal and otolith inputs during natural head/body motion. This suggests that molecular mechanisms initially guide the basic ontogenetic wiring, whereas semicircular canal-dependent activity is required to establish the spatio-temporal specificity of the reflex. While a robust VOR is activated during passive head/body movements, locomotor efference copies provide the major source for compensatory eye movements during tail- and limb-based swimming of larval and adult frogs. The integration of active/passive motion-related signals for gaze stabilization occurs in central vestibular neurons that are arranged as segmentally iterated functional groups along rhombomere 1–8. However, at variance with the topographic maps of most other sensory systems, the sensory-motor transformation of motion-related signals occurs in segmentally specific neuronal groups defined by the extraocular motor output targets.

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Section: Functional Organization Of Vestibular Circuitriesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ontogenetic Development of Vestibulo-Ocular Reflexes in Amphibians

Branoner

Chagnaud

2016

Front. Neural Circuits

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“…This kind of spontaneous resting activity was shown to be modulated by agonists and/or antagonists for a variety of receptors, including: glutamate receptors (e.g. Gallagher et al ., 1985; Lewis et al ., 1989; Doi et al ., 1990; Smith et al ., 1990; Capocchi et al ., 1992; Carpenter & Hori, 1992; Gallagher et al ., 1992; Serafin et al ., 1992; Smith & Darlington, 1992a, b; Lin & Carpenter, 1993; Straka & Dieringer, 1993; Kinney et al ., 1994; Peusner & Giaume, 1994; Takahashi et al ., 1994a, b; Grassi et al ., 1995; Sakai et al ., 1996; Straka et al ., 1996; Takahashi & Kubo, 1997; Grassi et al ., 1998; Grassi et al ., 2001); GABA receptors (e.g. Smith et al ., 1991; Dutia et al ., 1992; Hutchinson et al ., 1995, 1996; Vibert et al ., 1995a; Vibert et al ., 1995b; Vibert et al ., 2000; Yamanaka et al ., 2000; Johnston et al ., 2001); glycine receptors (e.g.…”

Section: Demonstration Of Spontaneous Resting Activity In the Isolatementioning

confidence: 99%

The contribution of the intrinsic excitability of vestibular nucleus neurons to recovery from vestibular damage

Darlington

Dutia

Smith

2002

Eur J of Neuroscience

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Damage to the peripheral vestibular system results in a syndrome of ocular motor and postural abnormalities that partially and gradually abate over time in a process known as 'vestibular compensation'. The first, rapid, phase of compensation has been associated with a recovery of spontaneous resting activity in the ipsilateral vestibular nucleus complex (VNC), as a consequence of neuronal and synaptic plasticity. Increasing evidence suggests that normal VNC neurons in labyrinthine-intact animals, as well as ipsilateral VNC neurons following unilateral vestibular deafferentation (UVD), rely to some extent on intrinsic pacemaker activity provided by voltage-dependent conductances for their resting activity. Modification of this intrinsic pacemaker activity may underlie the recovery of resting activity that occurs in ipsilateral VNC neurons following UVD. This review summarizes and critically evaluates the 'intrinsic mechanism hypothesis', identifying discrepancies amongst the current evidence and suggesting experiments that may test it further.

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“…Despite the absence of electron microscopic analysis and the uncertainty about the functional role of amino acids colocalized in neuronal profiles, it might be considered that some of the terminal-like structures colocalizing glutamate and glycine represent terminals of thick vestibular nerve fibers. These fibers are known to colocalize glutamate and glycine (Reichenberger and Dieringer, 1994), to exhibit a high specificity uptake for glycine (Straka et al, 1996b) and to activate NMDA receptors (Straka et al, 1996a). Since glutamate and glycine are known to act as co-agonists on NMDA receptors (Johnson and Ascher, 1987), it is possible that glutamate and glycine are subject to corelease from afferent vestibular nerve fibers.…”

Section: Colocalization Of Amino Acidsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Distribution of GABA, glycine, and glutamate immunoreactivities in the vestibular nuclear complex of the frog

Reichenberger¹,

Straka²,

Ottersen

et al. 1997

J. Comp. Neurol.

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This study describes the localization of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), glycine, and glutamate immunoreactive neurons, fibers, and terminal-like structures in the vestibular nuclear complex (VNC) of the frog by using a postembedding procedure with consecutive semithin sections at the light microscopic level. For purposes of this study, the VNC was divided into a medial and lateral region. Immunoreactive cells were observed in all parts of the VNC. GABA-positive neurons, generally small in size, were predominantly located in the medial part of the VNC. Glycine-positive cells, more heterogeneous in size than GABA-positive cells, were scattered throughout the VNC. A quantitative analysis of the spatial distribution of GABA glycine immunoreactive cells revealed a complementary relation between the density of GABA and glycine immunoreactive neurons along the rostrocaudal extent of the VNC. In about 10% of the immunolabeled neurons, GABA and glycine were colocalized. Almost all vestibular neurons were, to a variable degree, glutamate immunoreactive, and colocalization of glutamate with GABA and/or glycine was typical. GABA, glycine, or glutamate immunoreactive puncta were found in close contact to somata and main dendrites of vestibular neurons. A quantitative analysis revealed a predominance of glutamate-positive terminal-like structures compared to glycine or GABA containing profiles. A small proportion of terminal-like structures expressed colocalization of GABA and glycine or glycine and glutamate. The results are compared with data from mammals and discussed in relation to vestibuloocular and vestibulo-spinal projection neurons, and vestibular interneurons. GABA and glycine are the major inhibitory transmitters of these neurons in frogs as well as in mammals. The differential distribution of GABA and glycine might reflect a compartmentalization of neurons that is preserved to some extent from the early embryogenetic segmentation of the hindbrain.

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Size-related properties of vestibular afferent fibers in the frog: Uptake of and immunoreactivity for glycine and aspartate/glutamate

Cited by 19 publications

References 21 publications

Ontogenetic Development of Vestibulo-Ocular Reflexes in Amphibians

Ontogenetic Development of Vestibulo-Ocular Reflexes in Amphibians

The contribution of the intrinsic excitability of vestibular nucleus neurons to recovery from vestibular damage

Distribution of GABA, glycine, and glutamate immunoreactivities in the vestibular nuclear complex of the frog

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