Size of Elementary Clusters and Process Period in Silver Nanoparticle Formation

Takesue, Masafumi; Tomura, Takuya; Yamada, Mitsuru; Hata, Kenji; Kuwamoto, S.; Yonezawa, Tetsu

doi:10.1021/ja202815y

Cited by 90 publications

(104 citation statements)

References 36 publications

(26 reference statements)

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“…Using a diffusion coefficient of 1. 46 Thus, the reaction is likely to occur at or very close to the interface between the two streams, at least in the initial part of the reactor and at high owrates. The inner and outer streams behave as reservoirs of precursor and reducing agent respectively which supply the necessary reagents at the interface region for reduction of silver ions to silver metal and subsequent clustering and stabilisation.…”

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confidence: 99%

Synthesis of silver nanoparticles in a microfluidic coaxial flow reactor

et al. 2015

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The size and dispersity of nanoparticles (NPs) determine the properties that such particles display. In this study, synthesis of silver nanoparticles in a coaxial flow reactor (CFR) was investigated by confining the reaction and subsequent nucleation to an interface away from the channel wall. Silver NPs were formed at room temperature by reducing silver nitrate with sodium borohydride in the presence of sodium hydroxide, while trisodium citrate was used as the surfactant. The main parameters investigated were flow rate of reagents through the CFR and concentrations of trisodium citrate and silver nitrate.Decreasing the total flow rate resulted in the NP size and dispersity reducing from 5.4 AE 3.4 nm to 3.1 AE 1.6 nm. Increasing surfactant concentration reduced size and dispersity from 8.5 AE 6.9 nm to 4.1 AE 1.1 nm. By tuning the precursor concentration the size and dispersity could be reduced from 9.3 AE 3 nm to 3.7 AE 0.8 nm.

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Synthesis of silver nanoparticles in a microfluidic coaxial flow reactor

et al. 2015

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“…Silver nuclei first form at the liquid/liquid interface, and then they aggregate to the silver nanoclusters. 63 These nanoclusters diffuse together along the interface, and coalescence to form the bigger aggregation with different sizes. 64 Because of fast nucleation and growth rate of the silver nuclei, 65 the initial cluster grows with increasing deposition time, and becomes larger.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fabrication of Metal Nanoelectrodes by Interfacial Reactions

et al. 2014

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Despite great improvements in the past decades, the controllable fabrication of metal nanoelectrodes still remains very challenging. In this work, a simple and general way to fabricate metal nanoelectrodes (Ag, Au, and Pt) is developed. On the basis of interfacial reactions at nano-liquid/liquid interfaces supported at nanopipettes, the nanoparticles can be formed in situ and have been used to block the orifices of pipettes to make nanoelectrodes. The effect of the driving force for interfacial reaction at the liquid/liquid interface, the ratio of redox species in organic and aqueous phases, and the surface charge of the inner wall of a pipette have been studied. The fabricated nanoelectrodes have been characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and electrochemical techniques. A silver electrode with about 10 nm in radius has been employed as the scanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM) probe to explore the thickness of a water/nitrobenzene (W/NB) interface, and this value is equal to 0.8 ± 0.1 nm (n = 5). This method of fabrication of nanoelectrodes can be extended to other metal or semiconductor electrodes.

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“…This means that a reaction mixture, sampled after the initiation of the mixing, is formed from an ensemble of volume elements that have spent varying times inside the reactor. [9] The resulting residence-time distribution primarily determines the spread in the PSD. RTD analysis has been used previously to characterize the mixing and the flow inside a microreactor.…”

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“…Investigations done recently on the formation of Ag nanoparticles in situ small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) have shown that silver nanoparticles are formed through three distinct stages within 6 ms, which supports our arguments. [9] In order to compare the size evolution of gold nanoparticles within a millifluidic reactor to that of a batch reactor (flask process), samples were taken from a batch reactor after approximately similar residence times to those investigated within the channels of the millifluidic reactor. Figure S4 (see the Supporting information) shows the TEM images and the particle size histograms for the particles obtained at the different time intervals.…”

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Size Evolution of Gold Nanoparticles in a Millifluidic Reactor

Sanampudi

Reddy

et al. 2011

ChemPhysChem

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The size evolution of gold nanoparticles in a millifluidic reactor is investigated using spatially resolved transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The experimental data is supported by numerical simulations, carried out to study the residence-time distribution (RTD) of tracers that have the same properties as Au ions. Size and size distribution of the particles within the channels are influenced by the mixing zones as well as the RTD. However, the Au nanoparticles obtained show a broader size distribution even at the shortest investigated residence time of 3.53 s, indicating that in addition to surface growth reaction kinetics also plays an important role. The comparison of time resolved particle growth within the millifluidic channel with flask-based reactions reveals that the particle size can be controlled better within millifluidic channels. Overall, the results indicate potential opportunities to utilize easy to fabricate millifluidic reactors for the synthesis of nanoparticles, as well as as for carrying out time resolved kinetic studies.

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Size of Elementary Clusters and Process Period in Silver Nanoparticle Formation

Cited by 90 publications

References 36 publications

Synthesis of silver nanoparticles in a microfluidic coaxial flow reactor

Synthesis of silver nanoparticles in a microfluidic coaxial flow reactor

Fabrication of Metal Nanoelectrodes by Interfacial Reactions

Size Evolution of Gold Nanoparticles in a Millifluidic Reactor

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