Size Enlargement

Abstract

The article contains sections titled: 1. Introduction 2. Binding Mechanisms of Agglomerates 2.1. Tensile Strength of Agglomerates Derived from Attractive Forces 2.2. Attractive Forces in Size Enlargement in Air 2.2.1. Electrostatic Forces 2.2.2. Van der Waals Forces 2.2.3. Capillary Forces 2.2.4. Solid Bridges 2.2.5. Influence of Particle Surface Roughness on Binding 2.2.6. Strengthening of Binding Forces 2.3. Attractive Forces of Particles in a Liquid Medium 2.3.1. DLVO theory 2.3.2. Flocculation by Polymeric Flocculants 3. Characterization of Agglomerates 3.1. Particle Size, Particle Size Distribution 3.2. Agglomerate Density and Porosity 3.2.1. Definition 3.2.2. Densities 3.2.3. Porosities 3.3. Agglomerate Strength 3.4. Redispersion 4. Size Enlargement Processes 4.1. Growth Agglomeration (Pelletization) 4.1.1. Agglomeration Kinetics 4.1.2. Pan and Drum Agglomeration 4.1.3. Mixer and Fluidized Bed Agglomeration 4.1.3.1. Pan and Drum Mixers 4.1.3.2. Horizontal Mixers 4.1.3.3. High‐Speed Mixers 4.1.3.4. Fluidized‐Bed Agglomeration 4.2. Agglomerate Formation from Moist Material 4.2.1. Introduction 4.2.2. Agglomeration Equipment for Plastic Materials 4.3. Drying Processes 4.3.1. Atomization Drying 4.3.1.1. Fundamentals of Atomization Drying 4.3.1.2. Fluidized‐Bed Spray Drying 4.3.1.3. Combination Processes 4.3.2. Contact Drying 4.3.3. Vacuum Drying 4.4. Spherical Agglomeration 4.5. Pressure Agglomeration 4.5.1. Compression Equations 4.5.2. Stamp Presses 4.5.3. Roller Presses 4.5.4. Tableting 4.5.4.1. Tableting Equipment 4.5.4.2. Tablet Pressing 4.5.4.3. Tableting Problems 4.5.4.4. Effect of Compression Rate and Humidity

Operational issues in solids processing plants: Systems view

“…If the compressive pressure is less than what is required, the formed body will lack strength and may break undesirably during subsequent handling. Equation 20 is a dimensionless form of the Leuenberger's equation, which is in good agreement with experimental data (Sommer, 1988). a,,,,, is the tensile strength of the body at a fully compressed condition ( E = 0).…”

A systematic iterative procedure for determining granulator operating parameters

“…For example, a high shear mixer granulator is most suitable for handling cohesive materials and produces dense granules, whereas a fluidized bed granulator is a better option for producing granules with lower density. Detailed descriptions of different granulators can be found elsewhere 19, 22–24…”

Study of Granulated Gypsum Hardness Coming from the Granulation Process in Rotating Disk

“…High-shear mixer granulation was also reviewed in great detail by Kristensen and Schaefer [7,8 and13]. An overall review of all types of granulation was also presented by Sommer [15].…”