A systematic iterative procedure for determining granulator operating parameters

Product Design – From Molecules to Formulations to Devices

“…Granules (Fung and Ng, 2006) • Granule size and particle size distribution • Granule porosity, tensile strength, shape, and density • Content uniformity Granules (Fung and Ng, 2006) • Granule size and particle size distribution • Granule porosity, tensile strength, shape, and density • Content uniformity…”

Towards Better Process Understanding: Chemometrics and Multivariate Measurements in Manufacturing of Solid Dosage Forms

“…In fluidised bed granulation, the granulation and drying phase take place in the same equipment vessel whereas in high shear granulation the drying of granular mass is carried out in a different apparatus than the wet granulation. Despite the need for material transfer during the processing, high shear granulation is a widely applied method because of its robustness and efficiency in obtaining strong granules of low porosity 118,125,126. Fluidised bed granulation is a better option when one wishes to achieve a more narrow size distribution with granules of high porosity 119.…”

“…The target mean granule size and granule size distribution, moisture content and hardness as well as content homogeneity of the granules are most often determined as the CQA of the wet granulation process 52,59,106. These granule attributes have a strong impact on tableting, tablet properties and thus on dissolution 126. These quality attributes are tested mostly post‐process: The granule126 moisture content is determined by Karl Fischer titration (KF) or weight loss on drying (LOD), and size analysis is carried out by sieving or laser diffractometry.…”

A grand model for chemical product design

“…Different aspects of consumer-centered chemical product design have been discussed. A systematic framework on product design that involves product conceptualization, identification of product attributes, selection of ingredients and microstructure, process synthesis, product and process evaluation has been developed and applied for designing products such as creams and pastes (Wibowo and Ng, 2001), powder detergent (Fung et al, 2007), dry toner, cosmetics (Wibowo and Ng, 2002), and pharmaceutical tablets and granules (Fung and Ng, 2003;Fung et al, 2006). The framework has been extended to an integrative approach (Cheng et al, 2009) that covers marketing, management, finance and economics, product design and prototyping, process design and manufacturing for the development of chemical-based products.…”