Size does matter: The life cycle of Steinernema spp. in micro-insect hosts

Bastidas, Brynelly; Portillo, Edgar; San‐Blas, Ernesto

doi:10.1016/j.jip.2014.06.010

Cited by 46 publications

(34 citation statements)

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“…In our study, all laboratory bioassays were performed with second instar larvae. First and second instar larvae are known to be less susceptible to EPNs than larger larvae (third and fourth instars), presumably due to their small size which hinders the ability of EPNs to locate and penetrate these larvae, and therefore killing fewer hosts (Bastidas, Portillo, & San-Blas, 2014;Ebssa, & Koppenhöfer, 2012). However, the contrary has also been documented, with smaller larvae found to be more susceptible to EPNs (Salari, Karimi, Sadeghi-Nameghi, & Hosseini, 2015).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Efficacy of some biorational insecticides against Tuta absoluta (Meyrick) (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) under laboratory and greenhouse conditions in Kuwait

Jallow

Dahab

Albaho

et al. 2018

J Applied Entomology

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The tomato leafminer, Tuta absoluta, is one of the most destructive pests of tomato worldwide. Management of the pest is mainly based on chemical insecticides. Reliance on insecticides is difficult to sustain because of unintended long‐term adverse effects on the environment and human health. Consequently, there is a need to develop pest management strategies that ensure the production of high‐quality products, while at the same time ensuring environmental sustainability and maximum consumer protection. We evaluated the efficacy the biopesticides: Azadirachtin, Bacillus thuringiensis, Steinernema feltiae and Beauveria bassiana individually and in combination against T. absoluta under laboratory and greenhouse conditions. When second instar larvae were exposed to tomato leaf discs treated with Azadirachtin (3 g/L), B. thuringiensis (0.5 g/L) or B. bassiana (1.5 g/L), 70%–86%, 55%–65%, and 45.5%–58.5% mortality was observed, respectively. Steinernema feltiae (1,000 IJs/ml) was the least effective biopesticide, with 26%–42% mortality. In the greenhouse trials on tomato, pest infestation (mines/10 leaves/plant) and fruits damaged were significantly lower on plants treated with Azadirachtin + B. thuringiensis or Azadirachtin + B. bassiana compared to plants treated with Azadirachtin, B. thuringiensi, B. bassiana or S. feltiae alone. Azadirachtin + B. thuringiensis and Azadirachtin + B. bassiana resulted in 90% and 81% reduction in fruits damaged in the summer experiments, respectively, and 96% and 91% in winter. The most severe pest infestation was observed on plants treated with S. feltia. The results indicate that the biopesticides, except S. feltia, can contribute to T. absoluta control in greenhouse tomato crops. In particular, the combined use of Azadirachtin with B. thuringiensis or B. bassiana provided the highest level of control of the pest. The potential for including these biopesticides in an overall sustainable integrated pest management programme for T. absoluta is discussed.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Efficacy of some biorational insecticides against Tuta absoluta (Meyrick) (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) under laboratory and greenhouse conditions in Kuwait

Jallow

Dahab

Albaho

et al. 2018

J Applied Entomology

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“…In a similar study by Van Damme et al (2015), S. feltiae and S. carpocapsae caused the highest mortality of T. absoluta for all larval stadia pooled (79% and 80%, respectively), whereas H. bacteriophora (60%) did not perform as well. Bastidas et al (2014) identified the importance of the size of the target insect, as well as that of the EPN species used against it. They found that although all the steinernematids screened were able to invade small insect hosts, the invasion potential decreased as the target insect's size decreased and the EPN species' size increased.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…indica, H. noenieputensis, and H. baujardi in the present study might be attributed to their relatively small body size. Comparatively small hosts are speculated to limit the development of the invading nematodes, while the presence of relatively large hosts is necessary for the longterm persistence of the nematodes (Bastidas et al, 2014). This raises concerns regarding adequate and persistent control of H. capensis under field conditions.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Potential of South African entomopathogenic nematodes to control the leaf miner, Holocacista capensis (Lepidoptera: Heliozelidae)

Steyn

Addison

Malan

2019

SAJEV

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The Cape grapevine leafminer, Holocacista capensis, a sporadic pest of economic importance, is found in South African table and wine grape vineyards. The cocoon casings, constructed by the final instar larvae, can be found attached to grape bunches, posing a phytosanitary risk for table grape export markets. The current study aimed to determine the susceptibility of leaf-mining H. capensis larvae to seven entomopathogenic nematode (EPN) species belonging to Steinernematidae and Heterorhabditidae. To determine nematode virulence occupied leaf-mining galleries were extracted from infested leaves and inoculated with 200 infective juveniles (IJs) in 50 µl of distilled water, for each of the EPNs screened. Concentration assays were conducted and and lethal dose was determined for the three most virulent species (Heterorhabditis baujardi, H. indica and H. noenieputensis), using concentrations of 0, 25, 50, 100, 200, and 400 IJs/leaf-mining larva. High mortality of leaf-mining larvae was obtained with H. baujardi (92%), H. noenieputensis (85%) and H. indica (83%). Almost double the number of H. noenieputensis (34 nematodes/insect) penetrated the insect larvae, in comparison with the other two EPNs. However, the relative potency of H. baujardi was 3.56 times higher than for H. indica, whilst that of H. indica was 2.57 times higher than it was for H. noenieputensis. The results obtained in the laboratory were found to be encouraging, especially with regard to the nematodes' ability to penetrate the leaf-mining galleries, and to infect the larvae successfully.

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“…In some insects, the usual routes of entry may be inaccessible because the mouth may be obstructed by oral filters (wireworms) or may be too narrow (insects with sucking/piercing mouthparts or small insects with chewing mouthparts). The anus may be constricted by muscles or other structures (wireworms), and the spiracles may be covered with septa (wireworms) or sieve plates (scarab grubs) (Forschler & Gardner, 1991) or simply be too narrow for nematode entry (some dipterans and lepidopterans, especially during early instars) (Bastidas, Edgar, & San Blas, 2014). Insects reduce the probability of nematode infection by several actions: they obstruct their anus with a large amount of fecal material (scarab grubs), minimize their CO 2 output or release CO 2 in intermittent bursts that minimize the presence of chemical cues (lepidopterous pupae and scarab grubs), and generate impenetrable cocoons or soil cells before pupation that serve as physical barriers (many lepidopterans, scarabs, and weevils) (Hazir, Kaya, Stock, & Keskin, 2003).…”

Section: Behavioral Interactions Between Entomopathogenic Nematodes Amentioning

confidence: 99%

Trophic Relationships of Entomopathogenic Nematodes in Agricultural Habitats

Lewis

Hazır

Hodson

et al. 2015

Nematode Pathogenesis of Insects and Other Pests

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Size does matter: The life cycle of Steinernema spp. in micro-insect hosts

Cited by 46 publications

References 47 publications

Efficacy of some biorational insecticides against Tuta absoluta (Meyrick) (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) under laboratory and greenhouse conditions in Kuwait

Efficacy of some biorational insecticides against Tuta absoluta (Meyrick) (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) under laboratory and greenhouse conditions in Kuwait

Potential of South African entomopathogenic nematodes to control the leaf miner, Holocacista capensis (Lepidoptera: Heliozelidae)

Trophic Relationships of Entomopathogenic Nematodes in Agricultural Habitats

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