Size distribution of particle-bound polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans in the ambient air of a municipal incinerator

Chao, Mu‐Rong; Hu, Chiung‐Wen; Ma, Hwong‐Wen; Chang-Chien, Gou-Ping; Lee, Wen-Jhy; Chang, Louis W.; Wu, Kuen-Yuh

doi:10.1016/j.atmosenv.2003.08.027

Cited by 30 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…This is relevant because the processes of transportation and deposition of particles are determined by particle size (Chao et al, 2003). To compare our results with other studies, the concentrations of PCDD/Fs and dl-PCBs in particles of various diameters in the flue gas are compared with values for particulate matter in the atmosphere.…”

Section: Particle Size Distributions Of 2378-pcdd/fs and Pcbsmentioning

confidence: 92%

“…However, PCDD/Fs and PCBs in the water fraction were below 10%. Clearly, gas phase PCDD/Fs and dl-PCBs released to the ambient air are more easily photodegraded than particulate phases, contributing to a greater extent to haze formation (Chao et al, 2003). However, it is clearly necessary to investigate PCDD/Fs and dl-PCBs in all phases to assess their environmental and health impacts.…”

Section: Concentrations Of 2378-pcdd/fs and Pcbs In Flue Gasesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Chao et al (2003) investigated the particle size distributions of PCDD/Fs in the atmosphere with D between 0.056 and 100 µm, and found over 80% of PCDD/Fs bound to fine particles (D < 2.0 µm). Most previous studies of PCBs focused on atmospheric distributions , and PCBs emitted as gas from various sources (Baek et al, 2010).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Gas-Particle Partitioning of Polychlorinated Dibenzo-p-dioxins, Dibenzofurans, and Biphenyls in Flue Gases from Municipal Solid Waste Incinerators

Han

Liu

et al. 2017

Aerosol Air Qual. Res.

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Gas-particle partitioning of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins, dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs), and biphenyls (PCBs) was evaluated in flue gases emitted from two municipal solid waste incinerators. Total PCDD/Fs and dl-PCBs in the flue gas were presented, in decreasing order, within gas phases, particulate phases, and aqueous phases. PCDD/F concentrations in the flue gas ranged from 0.75 to 15 ng m -3 , while in the particulate phase they ranged from 0.14 to 8.1 ng m -3 . Dioxin-like (dl-) PCBs had concentrations of 0.18-28 ng m -3 in the flue gas, and 0.041-1.3 ng m -3 in the particulate phase. PCDD/F and dl-PCB levels were associated with specific size ranges of particles, increasing as particle size decreased. More than 54% (81%) of PCDD/Fs and 49% (79%) of dl-PCBs were associated with fine particles of less than 2.5 (10) µm-diameter. In addition, average levels of PCDD/Fs, PCBs, and dl-PCBs were 0.15 ± 0.11 ng m , respectively. Levels of non-2,3,7,8-chlorinated PCDD/Fs were much higher than 2,3,7,8-chlorinated PCDD/Fs in PCDD/F homologue patterns. This suggests that more attention should be paid to non-2,3,7,8-chlorinated PCDD/Fs in the environment, given their potential to transform to more toxic species.

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Section: Particle Size Distributions Of 2378-pcdd/fs and Pcbsmentioning

confidence: 92%

Section: Concentrations Of 2378-pcdd/fs and Pcbs In Flue Gasesmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Gas-Particle Partitioning of Polychlorinated Dibenzo-p-dioxins, Dibenzofurans, and Biphenyls in Flue Gases from Municipal Solid Waste Incinerators

Han

Liu

et al. 2017

Aerosol Air Qual. Res.

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“…S1(a)). Normalized histograms representing dC/dlogDp versus Dp have been intensively used for investigating PCDD/F distribution in different air particle size classes (Chao et al, 2003;Chrysikou and Samara, 2009). dC is the concentration of PCDD/Fs in each size fraction, and Dp is the aerodynamic diameter.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A comparison of the levels and particle size distribution of lower chlorinated dioxin/furans (mono- to tri-chlorinated homologues) with those of tetra- to octa-chlorinated homologues in atmospheric samples

et al. 2016

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h i g h l i g h t sSCl 1e3 DD/Fs accounted for 85% of SCl 1e8 DD/Fs in air samples. The mean concentration of SCl 1e3 DD/Fs was 5.4 times that of SCl 4e8 DD/Fs in the air. SCl 1e3 DD/Fs occurred mainly in the gas phase, and SCl 4e8 DD/Fs mainly in particles. SCl 1e3 DFs were the dominant form of SCl 1e3 DD/Fs in all particle size classes. t r a c tThere is very little information on the levels and particle size distributions of lower chlorinated dibenzop-dioxins and dibenzofurans (mono-to tri-CDD/Fs, SCl 1e3 DD/Fs) in the atmosphere, while a number of studies have examined tetra-to octa-chlorinated homologues (SCl 4e8 DD/Fs). In this study, we measured the concentration and particle size distribution of SCl 1e3 DD/Fs in ambient air in suburban Beijing and compared them with that of SCl 4e8 DD/Fs for the first time. The mean concentration of SCl 1e3 DD/Fs was 54.63 pg m À3 , which is about 5.4 times that of SCl 4e8 DD/Fs. The SCl 1e3 DD/Fs accounted for 85% of SCl 1 e8 DD/Fs, and MoCDFs made up the largest proportion (43%) of PCDD/F homologues. The SCl 1e3 DD/Fs mainly occurred in the gas phase, while the SCl 4e8 DD/Fs mainly occurred in the particulate phase. The majority of SCl 1e3 DD/Fs (70%) occurred in d ae > 1.0 mm particles, which is the reverse of the trend observed for SCl 4e8 DD/Fs, of which 78% occurred in d ae < 1.0 mm particles. The observed high concentrations of SCl 1e3 DD/Fs and different distribution patterns demonstrate that it is necessary to consider the lower chlorinated homologues to improve our understanding of the environmental behavior and health risk assessments of PCDD/Fs in the atmosphere.

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“…The sizes of suspended particles influence the distribution of airborne PCDD/Fs more than temperature and humidity (Correa et al, 2004;Martínez et al, 2006). Some studies of PCDD/F distributions in particles with different sizes have been reported and PCDD/Fs were found to preferentially distribute in fine particles (Chao et al, 2003;Degrendele et al, 2014;Kaupp and McLachlan, 2000;Oh et al, 2002;Zhang et al, 2015). For example, 60% of PCDD/Fs were found in particles with aerodynamic diameter (d ae ) b0.41 μm (Oh et al, 2002) and 80% of PCDD/Fs were associated with particles with d ae b1.0 μm (Zhang et al, 2015).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Particle size distributions and gas–particle partitioning of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans in ambient air during haze days and normal days

Zhang

Zheng

Liang

et al. 2016

Science of The Total Environment

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• PCDD/F particle size distributions on haze days and normal days were determined.• Higher concentrations of airborne PCDD/Fs were detected during all haze days.• 95% of PCDD/Fs were absorbed in the d ae b 2.5 μm particles on haze days.• Harner-Bidleman model predicted the particulate fractions of PCDD/F congeners well. G R A P H I C A L A B S T R A C TThe following figure is presented as the graphical abstract.a b s t r a c t a r t i c l e i n f o Little information is available on the distributions of airborne polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs) during haze days. In this study, PCDD/F concentrations, particle size distributions, and gas-particle partitioning in a Beijing suburban area during haze days and normal days were investigated. High PCDD/F concentrations, 3979-74,702 fg m −3 (173-3885 fg I-TEQ m −3), were found during haze days and~98% of the PCDD/Fs were associated with particles. Most PCDD/F congeners (N 90%) were associated with particles. PCDD/ F concentrations increased as particle sizes decreased and 95% of the particle-bound PCDD/Fs were associated with inhalable fine particles with aerodynamic diameters b 2.5 μm. PCDD/Fs were mainly absorbed in the particles and the Harner-Bidleman model predicted the particulate fractions of the PCDD/F congeners in the air samples well. The investigated PCDD/F concentrations and particle-bound distributions were different during normal days than during haze days. Temporal airborne PCDD/F trends in a suburban area during haze conditions could support better understanding of the exposure risk posed by toxic PCDD/Fs associated with fine particles.

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Size distribution of particle-bound polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans in the ambient air of a municipal incinerator

Cited by 30 publications

References 40 publications

Gas-Particle Partitioning of Polychlorinated Dibenzo-p-dioxins, Dibenzofurans, and Biphenyls in Flue Gases from Municipal Solid Waste Incinerators

Gas-Particle Partitioning of Polychlorinated Dibenzo-p-dioxins, Dibenzofurans, and Biphenyls in Flue Gases from Municipal Solid Waste Incinerators

A comparison of the levels and particle size distribution of lower chlorinated dioxin/furans (mono- to tri-chlorinated homologues) with those of tetra- to octa-chlorinated homologues in atmospheric samples

Particle size distributions and gas–particle partitioning of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans in ambient air during haze days and normal days

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