Size-dependent reproductive output in agricultural weeds

Thompson, B. K.; Weiner, Jacob; Warwick, S. I.

doi:10.1139/b91-061

Cited by 119 publications

(82 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…Thompson et al (1991) equation s = cW k for many species, in which W = plant weight, s = seed number and c and k = parameters. Some recent works also statedhat seed production is related to plant size (Lutman, 2002;Grundy et al, 2004;Nurse & DiTommaso, 2005;Franke et al, 2007).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Quantification of seed production as a function of plant size provides a simpler method for estimating weed seed production and an alternative to actually assessing seeds, which is very labor-intensive (Lutman, 2002). Several researchers have used this method to estimate seed production in weedy species (Thompson et al, 1991;Lutman, 2002;Grundy et al, 2004). However, quantitative information in volunteer canola and S. arvensis are scarce and come from limited range of plant sizes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Quantifying seed production by volunteer canola (Brassica napus) and Sinapis arvensis

Soltani

Galeshi

et al. 2011

Planta daninha

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-Volunteer canola (Brassica napus) and Sinapis arvensis are well identified weeds of different cropping systems. Quantitative information on regarding seed production by them is limited. Such information is necessary to model dynamics of soil seed banks. The aim of this work was to quantify seed production as a function of the size of those weeds. A wide range of plant size was produced by using a fan seeding system performed at two sowing dates (environments). Plant size varied from 3 to 167 g per plant for canola and from 6 to 104 g per plant for S. arvensis. Seed production ranged from 543 to14,773 seeds per plant for canola, and from 264 to 10,336 seeds per plant for S. arvensis. There was a close relationship between seed production per plant and plant size which was well-described by a power function (y = 130.6x 0.94 ; R 2 = 0.93 for canola and y = 28x 1.27 ; R 2 = 0.95 for S. arvensis). There was also strong relationships among the number of pods produced in individual plants and the quantity of seeds produced (g per plant) with the size of the plant. The relationships found in this study can be used in dynamic seed bank models of volunteer canola and S. arvensis.Keywords: weed, plant size, density, planting.RESUMO -Voluntários de canola (Brassica napus) e Sinapis arvensis são conhecidas como plantas daninhas na produção agrícola. A informação quantitativa sobre a produção de sementes de ervas daninhas por estas é limitada. A informação é necessária para a dinâmica do modelo de bancos de sementes do solo. O objetivo deste trabalho foi quantificar a produção de sementes em função do tamanho destas plantas daninhas. Uma grande variedade de tamanho das plantas foi produzido usando-se um sistema de semeadura em leque, realizado em duas épocas de semeadura (ambientes). O tamanho da planta variou entre 3 e 167 g por planta para a canola e entre 6 e 104 g por planta para S. arvensis. A produção de sementes variou entre 543 e 14.773 sementes por planta de canola e entre 264 e 10.336 de sementes por planta para S.arvensis. Houve uma estreita relação entre a produção de sementes por planta e o tamanho da planta que foi bem descrita por uma função potência (y = 130,6x 0.94 ; R 2 = 0,93 para a canola e y = 28x 1.27 ; R 2 = 0,95 para S. arvensis). Houve também algumas fortes relações entre o número de vagens produzidas em plantas individuais e a quantidade de sementes produzidas (g por planta) com o tamanho da planta. Relações encontradas neste estudo podem ser usadas em modelos dinâmicos do banco de sementes de canola voluntária e S. arvensis.Palavras-chave: planta daninha, tamanho da planta, densidade, plantio.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantifying seed production by volunteer canola (Brassica napus) and Sinapis arvensis

Soltani

Galeshi

et al. 2011

Planta daninha

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“…The steeper slopes and the lower and narrower range of values observed reflect the effect of selective herbicides on the surviving plants. These relationships allow prediction of seed production based on the weed biomass (Thompson et al, 1991;Norris, 2007). In our case the behaviour of plants surviving herbicides has interesting implications for studies of weed population dynamics -where variables as RB and fecundity across years become determinant-and also for the construction and outcomes of bioeconomic models, as has been studied by Torra et al (2010).…”

Section: Vegetative and Reproductive Biomassmentioning

confidence: 85%

Integrated effect of crop sowing date and herbicide stress on fitness of Bromus diandrus Roth

García

Royo‐Esnal

Torra

et al. 2015

Span. j. agric. res.

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Bromus diandrus Roth is a common weed species that has increased in no-tillage dry-land cereal fields in NE Spain because of the limited control options. The fitness response of plants with different emergence times (ETs) and its influence on demography has huge implications in weed management. With this subject, three ETs (F1, F2 and F3) of B. diandrus were established through three crop-sowing dates (D1, Oct.; D2, Nov.; D3, Dec.) for each of the three years in a barley-wheat-wheat rotation. In barley, the herbicides applied were not specific for B. diandrus, whereas in wheat the specific herbicide mesosulfuron-methyl plus iodosulfuron-methyl-sodium was applied. Plant density after treatments and fitness characteristics were estimated for each weed ET. Weed density decreased for later ETs and fitness was density-dependent, showing significantly higher values when a non-specific herbicide was applied, except in number of caryopses per spikelet. The increasing fitness shown by plants with later ETs and the linear relationships of vegetative biomass vs reproductive biomass and fecundity were disrupted by the herbicide mesosulfuron-methyl plus iodosulfuron-methyl-sodium. Plants that had survived this herbicide when wheat was growing had lower values for all the characteristics analysed. After three seasons, as a consequence of decreasing seed recruitment, a practical depletion of the B. diandrus population was achieved in F2 and F3 (<2.8 and <1 plants/m2, respectively) but not in F1 (60.5 plants/m2). This study shows the importance of delayed crop sowing to optimize the control of B. diandrus in cereal fields with no tillage.

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“…There is some supporting evidence for this (Samson & Werk 1986;Weiner 1988;Thompson et al 1991) but see Ohlson (1988) and Harmett (1990). Although it is worth testing if their model can be applied to vegetative reproduction (Harmett 1990) and the balance between the two modes of reproduction, it is difficult without precise experimental studies to assess which size directly relates to the absolute amount of investment to each mode of reproduction, because of the complex trade-offs among growth, sexual and vegetative reproduction.…”

Section: Resource Allocation In Syneilesis 181mentioning

confidence: 95%

Resource allocation to sexual and vegetative reproduction in a forest herb Syneilesis palmata (Compositae)

Nishitani

Kimura

1993

Ecological Research

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The balance between sexual and vegetative reproduction in Syneilesis palmata was examined in relation to environmental conditions and the amount of reproductive resources, which is defined here as the total quantity of dry matter invested in both modes of reproduction. The allocation balance was measured for individual plants of two populations, with different densities in an open habitat, for 2 years, and those of two other populations, under different light intensities in a plantation forest (forest floor and edge), for 3 years. Relative allocation to sexual reproduction decreased with increasing reproductive resources in all populations except for the forest edge, which showed a constant allocation balance. The high density population showed lower relative allocation to sexual reproduction than the low density population, irrespective of the amount of reproductive resources. However the between-year comparison of the high density population suggested that under extremely high density, plants with a small amount of reproductive resources enhanced sexual reproduction, while plants with a large amount of reproductive resources reproduced vegetatively. On the forest floor, plants with small amounts of reproductive resources had higher relative allocation to sexual reproduction than the forest edge population, while plants with large amounts of reproductive resources had a somewhat lower one. The adaptive significance of such allocation patterns are discussed, based on qualitative data on the characteristics of both types of offspring.

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Size-dependent reproductive output in agricultural weeds

Cited by 119 publications

References 13 publications

Quantifying seed production by volunteer canola (Brassica napus) and Sinapis arvensis

Quantifying seed production by volunteer canola (Brassica napus) and Sinapis arvensis

Integrated effect of crop sowing date and herbicide stress on fitness of Bromus diandrus Roth

Resource allocation to sexual and vegetative reproduction in a forest herb Syneilesis palmata (Compositae)

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