Size-dependent luminescence of small palladium particles

Adelt, Maik; Nepijko, S. A.; Drachsel, W.; Freund, Hans‐Joachim

doi:10.1016/s0009-2614(98)00620-4

Cited by 32 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…For example, a peak at 4.6 eV was observed in the light emission spectra obtained under bombardment of Pd particles 1 nm in size by low-energy electrons. [9] However this peak was not observed for 1.5 nm Pd particles. [9] The peak at 3.64 eV measured in the present study corresponds to the peak at 3.7 eV reported in ref.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 90%

“…[9] However this peak was not observed for 1.5 nm Pd particles. [9] The peak at 3.64 eV measured in the present study corresponds to the peak at 3.7 eV reported in ref. [9].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 90%

“…This result was also observed in the case of the light emission from Pd particles bombarded by low-energy electrons. [9] At first glance the spectra shown in Figure 2 have little in common with one another. Each of them was decomposed onto bell-shaped curves (peak functions) using the programs of self-congruent calculations in such a way that their sum would give a curve which shape would be the most similar to the measured spectra.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Excitation of the Pd particles by electron injection makes it possible to compare the obtained spectra with the ones measured earlier through the bombardment of Pd particles with low-energy electrons. [9] Results…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Light Emission Observed from Small Palladium Particles during Passage of Electronic Current

et al. 2002

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 90%

“…[9] However this peak was not observed for 1.5 nm Pd particles. [9] The peak at 3.64 eV measured in the present study corresponds to the peak at 3.7 eV reported in ref. [9].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 90%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Light Emission Observed from Small Palladium Particles during Passage of Electronic Current

et al. 2002

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“…21 are normalized for the convenient comparison. Figure 22a-d [50] shows the light emission spectrum deformation for palladium particles of different sizes excited by electron bombardment. The substrate is a single crystal of NiAl(110) covered with an epitaxial film of 0.5 nm thick g-Al 2 O 3 .…”

Section: Excitation By Electron Bombardmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Emission Properties of Metal Nanoparticles

Nepijko¹,

Elmers²,

Schönhense³

2015

Handbook of Nanoparticles

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Nanoparticles emit electrons and photons when they are excited by electron injection via electric current; electromagnetic radiation via microwave fields; laser radiation in infrared, visible and synchrotron (X-ray) ranges; and electron and ion bombardment. In each case, the emission mechanism depends on characteristic length scales of the nanoparticle. If the particle size is commensurate with it or is smaller, a size dependence of emission is observed [1][2][3]. Also, it is interesting that nanoparticles may demonstrate properties absent in bulk material. Electron Emission from Metal Nanoparticles Excitation by Electron InjectionExcitation by electron injection into nanoparticles via electron tunneling (electric current flow through an ensemble of tunnel-coupled metal nanoparticles on a dielectric substrate) is accompanied by electron emission [1][2][3][4]. Electron emission is observed as soon as the conductivity deviates from an ohmic behavior. Corresponding experiments are realized "in situ", e. g., when an ensemble of gold nanoparticles is deposited onto an insulating substrate directly in the column of a transmission electron microscope [5]. The main discussion in the literature concerning the mechanism of electron emission is connected with field emission [6] and electron gas heating [7]. In the first case, it is supposed that an electric field is strongly enhanced near nanoparticles and thus sufficient for field emission because of the small radius of curvature of nanoparticles. In the second case, the electron gas heating results from an attenuation of the electron-phonon interaction in nanoparticles. If the size is much smaller than the electron mean free path, the electrons execute a periodic motion within the particle without volume scattering and are reflected specularly from the boundaries. This oscillation has the frequency o ¼ ). The larger the frequency difference for electron and phonon subsystems, the less they exchange energy with one another. Experimental studies show that the electron-phonon interaction constant observed in ten nanometer-sized gold particles is several orders of magnitude lower than in the case of bulk material [8]. The energy fed into a nanoparticle under current excitation is absorbed by its electron subsystem. If the electron-phonon interaction is sufficiently attenuated, the electron subsystem temperature increases and electrons become heated, whereas the lattice remains relatively cold. The electron emission takes place under such conditions. Electron emission provoked by electron transport has been visualized using emission electron microscopy (EEM) [9][10][11]. Figure 1a-d shows a series of EEM images of a silver nanoparticle film (caesium was used to reduce the work function). The images have been acquired at different voltages applied between the contacts U f = 0 (a), 8 (b), 10 (c), and 11 V (d). The gap with a silver nanoparticle film between the silver contacts is 5 mm. Nanoparticle emissivity considerably differs because of the spread of the particle

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Pentagonal Symmetry and Disclinations in Small Particles

Gryaznov

Heydenreich

Kaprelov

et al. 1999

Cryst. Res. Technol.

158

135

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A comprehensive review is given on experimental studies of small particles with fivefold symmetry accompanied by an in-depth theoretical description of their characteristics and computer modeling. The cases of uniform and nonuniform deformations (disclination model), stability and relaxation of elastic stresses in pentagonal particles and needle-like crystals, models of their formation are discussed.

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Size-dependent luminescence of small palladium particles

Cited by 32 publications

References 26 publications

The Light Emission Observed from Small Palladium Particles during Passage of Electronic Current

The Light Emission Observed from Small Palladium Particles during Passage of Electronic Current

Emission Properties of Metal Nanoparticles

Pentagonal Symmetry and Disclinations in Small Particles

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