“…Moreover, the thin protonic titanate nanotube may be in a structurally nonequilibrium state and, therefore, merely rearrange into its more stable thermodynamic state. Not surprisingly, for the thin protonic titanate nanotubes, a change of morphology to the thermodynamically more stable sphere, cube, or rhombohedron may occur, before the constituent ions have had the opportunity to diffuse, reorganize, and ultimately attain their kinetic equilibrium positions in the product. , …”