Sixth Generation (6G) Wireless Networks: Vision, Research Activities, Challenges and Potential Solutions

Alsharif, Mohammed H.; Kelechi, Anabi Hilary; Albreem, Mahmoud A.; Chaudhry, Shehzad Ashraf; Zia, Maryam; Kim, Sung Hwan

doi:10.3390/sym12040676

Cited by 267 publications

(155 citation statements)

References 76 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

123

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…From the optical properties of polymerized RTILs, it shows that the optimum FoM at high index polymerized RTILs of

is 0.72402. For 6G networks, the transmission data rate can be 1–10 Tb/s [ 29 , 30 ]. As shown in Table 2 , ultra-wide frequency bandwidth is obtained with a high bit rate of about

with a high

, which is so high that they are never seen in the literature, and

is enhanced to be 4.2817 μm.…”

Section: Structure Geometry and Simulation Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

High Figure of Merit Optical Buffering in Coupled-Slot Slab Photonic Crystal Waveguide with Ionic Liquid

2020

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Slow light with adequate low group velocity and wide bandwidth with a flat band of the zero-dispersion area were investigated. High buffering capabilities were obtained in a silicon-polymer coupled-slot slab photonic crystal waveguide (SP-CS-SPCW) with infiltrating slots by ionic liquid. A figure of merit (FoM) around 0.663 with the lowest physical bit length Lbit of 4.6748 µm for each stored bit in the optical communication waveband was gained by appropriately modifying the square air slot length. Posteriorly, by filling the slots with ionic liquid, the Lbit was enhanced to be 4.2817 μm with the highest FoM of 0.72402 in wider transmission bandwidth and ultra-high bit rate in terabit range, which may become useful for the future 6G mobile communication network. Ionic liquids have had a noticeable effect in altering the optical properties of photonic crystals. A polymer was used for the future incorporation of an electro-optic effect in buffers to realize the dynamic controlling of optical properties. Ionic liquids enhanced the transmission rate through optical materials. Additionally, the delay time in the ns-range was achieved, providing longer delay and ultra-low group velocity, which is important for light-matter interaction in light amplifiers and nonlinear devices.

show abstract

“…From the optical properties of polymerized RTILs, it shows that the optimum FoM at high index polymerized RTILs of

is 0.72402. For 6G networks, the transmission data rate can be 1–10 Tb/s [ 29 , 30 ]. As shown in Table 2 , ultra-wide frequency bandwidth is obtained with a high bit rate of about

with a high

, which is so high that they are never seen in the literature, and

is enhanced to be 4.2817 μm.…”

Section: Structure Geometry and Simulation Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

High Figure of Merit Optical Buffering in Coupled-Slot Slab Photonic Crystal Waveguide with Ionic Liquid

2020

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Signals within the beam area are dependent on the shape of the obstacle, and this will determine the transmitted portion of the beam (ς) in (5). We consider that the obstacle is in the midsection of the cone between the signal source and receiver, as illustrated in Fig.…”

Section: Terahertz Systems and Propagation Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In 6G communications, the key features are expected to be eMBB-Plus, secure ultra-reliable lowlatency communications (SURLLC), three-dimensional integrated communications (3D-InteCom), unconventional data communications (UCDC), and big communications (Big-Com) [4]. An important factor of the carrier spectrum is the demand for extremely large bandwidths [5], that promotes systems full efficiency, especially for indoor environments. Additional capacity is needed, not only to support new types of data-intensive services but also to enable new communication pathways between devices and machines [6], [7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Digital Twin for Metasurface Reflector Management in 6G Terahertz Communications

et al. 2020

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The performance demands from data-intensive applications, such as multimedia streaming, as well as the growing number of devices connecting to the Internet, will increase the need for higher capacity wireless communication links. The research community has recently explored regions of the spectrum, including the Terahertz band (0.1 THz to 10 THz), that are underutilised for communications. THz frequencies come with a plethora of special challenges, one of which is the very narrow effective beam, thereby requiring a Line of Sight (LoS) between sender and receiver. Researchers have explored the use of reflectors that can redirect beams around blockages. In this paper, we propose a THz signal guidance system where a Digital Twin is used to model, predict and control the signal propagation characteristics of an indoor space. Our approach finds the best THz signal path from the base station to the mobile target via the tunable metamaterial walls, avoiding obstacles as needed, using geometric (ray tracing), path loss and Terahertz Potential Field (THzPF) models. With this knowledge, the digital twin guides the selection of antenna strips at a base station and the reflectors along the signal path. A top-view camera, with advanced image processing, provides context updates (obstacle and mobile target locations) to the digital twin. The image processing system also senses factors like water vapour concentration, and the material composition and surface roughness of obstacles. Such factors affect propagation strength, and the digital twin modifies the beam paths to adapt. Simulation results have shown the efficiency of our control system to maintain a reliable signal connection while minimising the use of antenna and reflector strips. Our system is the first proposal that maximises THz signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) through such a dynamic and robust control system, which integrates image processing of a room with base station configuration.

show abstract

“…Authors have illustrated the role of OWC [26] in 6G technology. Some recent articles have provided detailed discussions about green 6G network architecture [27], 6G spectrum management [28], security challenges [29], potential solutions [33], machine learning technologies for 6G [30][31] and performance evolution of terahertz [32] communications. Some publications have discussed data center connectivity [34] and practical implementation of multiple access [35] for 6G networks.…”

Section: G and 6g -1000 Times Reductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

6G: Envisioning the Key Technologies, Applications and Challenges

Mohsan¹,

Mazinani²,

Malik³

et al. 2020

IJACSA

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

In 2030, 6G is going to bring remarkable revolution in communication technologies as it will enable Internet of Everything. Still many countries are working over 5G and B5G has yet to be developed, while some research groups have already initiated projects on 6G. 6G will provide high and sophisticated QoS e.g. virtual reality and holographic communication. At this stage, it is impossible to speculate every detail of 6G and which key technologies will mark 6G. The wide applications of ICT, such as IoT, AI, blockchain technology, XR (Extended Reality) and VR (Virtual Reality), has created the emergence of 6G technology. On the basis of 5G technique, 6G will put profound impact over ubiquitous connectivity, holographic connectivity, deep connectivity and intelligent connectivity. Notably, research fraternity should focus on challenges and issues of 6G. They need to explore various alternatives to meet desired parameters of 6G. Thus, there are many potential challenges to be envisioned. This review study outlines some future challenges and issues which can hamper deployment of 6G. We subsequently define key potential features of 6G to provide the state of the art of 6G technology for future research. We have provided a review of extant research on 6G. In this review, technology prospects, challenges, key areas and related issues are briefly discussed. In addition, we have provided technologies breakdown and framework of 6G. We have shed light over future directions, applications and practical considerations of 6G to help researchers for possible breakthroughs. Our aim is to aggregate the efforts and eliminate the technical uncertainties towards breakthrough innovations for 6G.

show abstract

Sixth Generation (6G) Wireless Networks: Vision, Research Activities, Challenges and Potential Solutions

Cited by 267 publications

References 76 publications

High Figure of Merit Optical Buffering in Coupled-Slot Slab Photonic Crystal Waveguide with Ionic Liquid

High Figure of Merit Optical Buffering in Coupled-Slot Slab Photonic Crystal Waveguide with Ionic Liquid

Digital Twin for Metasurface Reflector Management in 6G Terahertz Communications

6G: Envisioning the Key Technologies, Applications and Challenges

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About