Sixteen going on sixty-six: A longitudinal study of personality stability and change across 50 years.

Damian, Rodica Ioana; Spengler, Marion; Sutu, Andreea E.; Roberts, Brent W.

doi:10.1037/pspp0000210

Cited by 244 publications

(168 citation statements)

References 79 publications

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“…Specifically, being a low self-monitor or perceiving one's identity as deviant was associated with increased levels of norm violations in the Public Goods game (β sm = 3.45, SE = 0.99, p < .001, β id = −3.87, SE = 0.64, p < .001). Taken together, the correlation between individual differences and acts of deviance on the one hand, and the causal impact of participants' randomly-incentivized experiences with deviance on future acts of deviance on the other hand are consistent with accounts of the malleability of personality traits across the life span (Damian, Spengler, Sutu, & Roberts, 2019). The present research indicates that individuals may be more or less inclined to conform or deviate, but that experiences can causally shape or re-shape these personal inclinations.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 81%

The emergence of deviance: Experiments testing the personal effects of violating a social norm

Gomila¹,

El²

2020

Preprint

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Social norms are powerful drivers of human behavior. Norms often override personal material interests and preferences. What happens when people violate norms? We conducted two randomized experiments (N = 3,499) to explore the behavioral and psychological consequences of deviating from norms. Participants played social dilemma games governed by norms of cooperation, without a mechanism for players to punish one another. Participants assigned to the treatment condition, unlike those in the control condition, were offered a monetary incentive to deviate from a strong norm of cooperation in one round of the game. Violating this norm significantly increased their propensity to violate other social norms in new settings involving new groups and new games (with no incentive to deviate). Post-treatment survey data suggest that violating norms causes people to depreciate their expectation of the costs associated with violation, but does not lead them to update their views of the self. The finding that social experience causally impacts an individual's tendency to deviate represents a new finding in the norms and deviance literature. Together, these results challenge and inform traditional views of deviance as personality or a stable individual motivation or trait.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 81%

The emergence of deviance: Experiments testing the personal effects of violating a social norm

Gomila¹,

El²

2020

Preprint

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“…Second, even though our analytical strategy allowed us to take out individual-specific heterogeneity, and extraversion is a relatively stable personality trait ( Damian et al, 2019 ), the cross-sectional nature of the survey data, collected in the early days of the pandemic, did not allow us to examine whether introverts’ and extraverts’ responses to the protective measures changed as the situation evolved. Since the period of data collection, time has not stood still.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Extraversion Moderates the Relationship Between the Stringency of COVID-19 Protective Measures and Depressive Symptoms

2020

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From the start of the COVID-19 pandemic, psychologists are theorizing that, as compared to introverts, extraverts experience more profound negative social consequences from protective measures (e.g., travel restrictions and bans on public gatherings). As the empirical evidence for this claim is lacking, this study tested the hypothesis that extraversion moderates the relationship between the stringency of COVID-19 protective measures and depressive symptoms. Our results were based on survey data from 93,125 respondents collected in the early stages of the COVID-19 pandemic (March 20–April 6, 2020) across 47 countries and publicly available data on measure stringency. Findings demonstrate that extraversion moderates the relationship between measure stringency in the early days of the pandemic and depressive symptoms. For introverts, measure stringency has a negative effect on depressive symptoms, while for extraverts, it has a positive, but non-significant effect on depressive symptoms. This study suggests that, although stringent measures generally help people to worry less and feel safer, the lifestyle associated with such measures feels more natural to introverts than to extraverts.

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“…Several studies have investigated whether personality traits change, to which extent they change, and how changes occur across the life course and in relation to specific life events [e.g., Roberts and DelVecchio 3 For an earlier and similar definition of personality traits see (Roberts, 2009, p. 7). (2000), Roberts et al (2006), Specht et al (2011), Damian et al (2019)].…”

Section: Socio-emotional Skills Personality Traits and Their Develomentioning

confidence: 99%

Personality Traits and Further Training

2020

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The notion of lifelong learning is gaining importance, not only in the labor market but also in other areas of modern societies. Previous research finds variation in occupation-related training participation by worker and workplace characteristics, gender, and education. However, evidence on the individual's socio-emotional skills creating favorable conditions for overall further training is scarce. To close this research gap, we analyze the role of personality for further training participation. First, we compare how the Big Five Personality Dimensions relate to different training types by differentiating between non-formal and informal training measures. Second, we investigate how personality traits affect further training chosen for occupational and private reasons separately. Drawing on a sample of 10,559 individuals from the Adult Stage of the German National Educational Panel Study (NEPS), we find that throughout our estimations, openness to experience positively relates to further training participation and is the most important determinant among the Big Five Personality Dimensions. However, the relationship between personality traits and training participation varies according to the training type and the reason for participating in further training. Moreover, we find gender-specific differences in the association between personality traits and lifelong learning. We conclude that personality is an important predictor of lifelong learning decisions.

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Sixteen going on sixty-six: A longitudinal study of personality stability and change across 50 years.

Cited by 244 publications

References 79 publications

The emergence of deviance: Experiments testing the personal effects of violating a social norm

The emergence of deviance: Experiments testing the personal effects of violating a social norm

Extraversion Moderates the Relationship Between the Stringency of COVID-19 Protective Measures and Depressive Symptoms

Personality Traits and Further Training

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