Six‐year longitudinal changes in body composition of middle‐aged and elderly <scp>J</scp>apanese: Age and sex differences in appendicular skeletal muscle mass

Kitamura, Itsuko; Koda, Michiko; Otsuka, Rei; Ando, Fujiko; Shimokata, Hiroshi

doi:10.1111/ggi.12109

Cited by 46 publications

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“…Women begin to lose approximately 0.1 kg (0.5%) of ASMM each year starting between the age of 35 and 45 years [5–8]. Treatment for breast cancer may accelerate the loss of ASMM [4].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Perhaps the most important skeletal muscles are those of the arms and legs, known as appendicular skeletal muscles, which account for ≥75% of total skeletal muscle in the body, and are necessary for ambulatory activity and physical functioning [5]. After the age of 35–45 years, women lose approximately 0.1 kg (0.5%) of appendicular skeletal muscle mass (ASMM) annually [5–8]. This may be relevant to breast cancer survivors because low ASMM is associated with dysregulation of insulin-axis hormones [9–12], which have been implicated in breast cancer recurrence and survival [13].…”

Section: Introdutionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Weight lifting and appendicular skeletal muscle mass among breast cancer survivors: a randomized controlled trial

Brown

Schmitz

2015

Breast Cancer Res Treat

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Purpose Low appendicular skeletal muscle mass (ASMM) is associated with premature mortality, hyperinsulinemia, frailty, disability, and low bone mineral density. We explored the potential efficacy of slowly-progressive weight lifting to attenuate the decline of ASMM among breast cancer survivors by conducting a post hoc analysis of data from the Physical Activity and Lymphedema trial. Methods Between October 2005 and August 2008 we conducted a single-blind, randomized controlled trial of twice-weekly slowly-progressive weight lifting or standard care among 295 non-metastatic breast cancer survivors. ASMM was quantified using dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry. Changes in ASMM were evaluated from baseline to 12-months between the weight lifting and control groups using repeated-measures linear mixed-effects regression models. Results Over 12-months, participants in the weight lifting group experienced attenuated declines in muscle mass compared to the control group, as reflected by relative ASMM (−0.01±0.02 kg/m2 versus −0.08±0.03 kg/m2; P=0.041) and absolute ASMM (−0.02±0.06 kg versus −0.22±0.07 kg; P=0.038), respectively. Weight lifting did not alter other body composition outcomes including body mass index, total body mass, body fat percentage, and fat mass compared to the control group. Weight lifting significantly increased upper- and lower-body muscle strength compared to the control group. The intervention was well-tolerated with no serious adverse events related to weight lifting. Conclusions Slowly-progressive weight lifting attenuated the decline of ASMM among breast cancer survivors compared to standard care over 12-months. These data are hypothesis generating. Future studies should examine the efficacy of weight lifting to improve distal health outcomes among breast cancer survivors.

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“…Women begin to lose approximately 0.1 kg (0.5%) of ASMM each year starting between the age of 35 and 45 years [5–8]. Treatment for breast cancer may accelerate the loss of ASMM [4].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introdutionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Weight lifting and appendicular skeletal muscle mass among breast cancer survivors: a randomized controlled trial

Brown

Schmitz

2015

Breast Cancer Res Treat

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“…Moreover, the few longitudinal studies that assessed estimates of muscle mass over time also reported a decline with advancing age. Depending on the assessment techniques, the duration of the follow-up period and the population studied, a wide range of annual losses between −0.02 and −1.29 % and between −0.07 and −1.34 % was found for estimates of respectively total body muscle mass (Guo et al 1999;Hughes et al 2001Hughes et al , 2002Fantin et al 2007) and leg muscle mass (Frontera et al 2000(Frontera et al , 2008Goodpaster et al 2006;Fantin et al 2007;Delmonico et al 2009;Koster et al 2011;Kitamura et al 2014) in men and women aged 40 to 81 years. However, the former studies included study populations with a wider age range, including older birth cohorts.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, the former studies included study populations with a wider age range, including older birth cohorts. Kitamura et al (2014), on the other hand, assessed 6-year longitudinal changes in total body muscle mass measured by DXA and divided their study population into narrow age cohorts. They also found a small, but significant increase in total body muscle mass of 0.27 % per year in men in their 40s and of 0.12 % per year in men in their 50s.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Longitudinal impact of aging on muscle quality in middle-aged men

Kennis

Verschueren

Roie

et al. 2014

AGE

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The present follow-up study aims at assessing the longitudinal changes in muscle quality after an interval of 9.45 years in middle-aged men. In addition, the relative contribution of muscle mass, muscle strength, and muscle power at middle age to these changes was investigated. The results showed a small, though unexpected, increase in total body and leg muscle mass (respectively 0.22 ± 0.04 and 0.29 ± 0.06 % yearly, p<0.0001), whereas basic strength (−0.71 to −0.87 % yearly, p<0.0001) and velocity-dependent strength and power (−1.19 to −1.86 % yearly, p<0.0001) declined. Consequently, muscle quality, defined as the ratio of basic strength or velocity-dependent strength and power to muscle mass decreased (−1.46 to −2.43 % yearly, p<0.0001) from baseline to follow-up. We found that baseline basic strength is a strong determinant of the decline in muscle quality basic strength with advancing age, whereas only a small part of the age-associated decline in muscle quality based on velocity-dependent strength and power could be explained. To conclude, our results indicate that muscle becomes less efficient at middle age and that baseline muscle strength is a strong predictor of this change. These findings imply that unmeasured neural factors, influencing both contraction speed and the capacity of muscle to produce strength, are possibly other involved determinants. Therefore, timely interventions including strength training and higher-velocity strength training at middle age are recommended.

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“…Older adults lose approximately 0.1 kg (0.5%) of ALM annually after the age of 40–50 years (1–3). The progressive loss of ALM may be a key element in the development and progression of frailty (4, 5), a syndrome of poor global health that is highly prevalent among older adults that includes unintentional weight loss, impaired physical function, weakness, exhaustion, and low levels of physical activity (6).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Appendicular lean mass and mortality among prefrail and frail older adults

Brown

Harhay

2017

The Journal of nutrition, health and aging

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Objective Prefrail and frail older adults are a heterogeneous population. The measurement of appendicular lean mass (ALM) may distinguish those at higher versus lower risk of poor outcomes. We examined the relationship between ALM and mortality among prefrail and frail older adults. Design This was a population-based cohort study. Setting The Third National Health and Nutrition Survey (NHANES III; 1988-1994). Participants Older adults (age ≥65 years) with pre-frailty or frailty defined using the Fried criteria. Measurements ALM was quantified using bioimpedance analysis. Multivariable-adjusted Cox regression analysis examined the relationship between ALM and mortality. Logistic regression analysis was used to determine if ALM added to age and sex improved the predictive discrimination of five-year and ten-year mortality. Results At baseline, the average age was 74.9 years, 66.7% were female, 86.3% and 13.7% were prefrail and frail, respectively. The mean ALM was 18.9 kg [standard deviation (SD): 5.5]. During a median 8.9 years of follow-up, 1,307 of 1,487 study participants died (87.9%). Higher ALM was associated with a lower risk of mortality. In a multivariable-adjusted regression model that accounted for demographic, behavioral, clinical, physical function, and frailty characteristics, each SD increase in ALM was associated with an 50% lower risk of mortality [Hazard Ratio (HR): 0.50 (95% CI: 0.27–0.92); P=0.026]. The addition of ALM to age and sex improved the predictive discrimination of five-year (P=0.027) and ten-year (P=0.016) mortality. Conclusion ALM distinguishes the risk of mortality among prefrail and frail older adults. Additional research examining ALM as a therapeutic target is warranted.

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Six‐year longitudinal changes in body composition of middle‐aged and elderly Japanese: Age and sex differences in appendicular skeletal muscle mass

Abstract: Longitudinal data suggest that arm and leg LTM decreased markedly in men in their 70s, and leg LTM had already decreased in women in their 40s.

Cited by 46 publications

References 39 publications

Weight lifting and appendicular skeletal muscle mass among breast cancer survivors: a randomized controlled trial

Weight lifting and appendicular skeletal muscle mass among breast cancer survivors: a randomized controlled trial

Longitudinal impact of aging on muscle quality in middle-aged men

Appendicular lean mass and mortality among prefrail and frail older adults

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