Six carotenoids in plasma used to assess recommended intake of fruits and vegetables in a controlled feeding study

Brevik, Asgeir; Andersen, Lene Frost; Karlsen, Anette; Trygg, K; Blomhoff, Rune; Drevon, C. A.

doi:10.1038/sj.ejcn.1601945

Cited by 72 publications

(64 citation statements)

References 30 publications

(28 reference statements)

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“…Similarly, plasma b-cryptoxanthin level positively associated with fruits (especially citrus variety) intake. These findings are consistent with the results from major databases, which contain information on the main sources of carotenoids in foods (O'Neill et al, 2001;Garcia-Closas et al, 2004), suggesting that there are good correlations between carotenoid intake from foods and the respective carotenoid levels in plasma, findings supported by other epidemiological/ intervention studies (Trichopoulou et al, 2003;Brevik et al, 2004;Jansen et al, 2004). Epidemiological studies have shown negative associations between plasma level of several carotenoids and the risk of chronic degenerative diseases including cancers (Sato et al, 2002;Abnet et al, 2003;Steck-Scott et al, 2004), stroke (Hak et al, 2004) and macular degeneration (Gale et al, 2003).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Influence of habitual diet on antioxidant status: a study in a population of vegetarians and omnivores

et al. 2007

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Background: Antioxidant status can be used as a biomarker to assess chronic disease risk and diet can modulate antioxidant defence. Objective: To examine effects of vegetarian diet and variations in the habitual intakes of foods and nutrients on blood antioxidants. Subjects and Setting: Thirty-one vegetarians (including six vegans) and 58 omnivores, non-smokers, in Northern Ireland. Design: A diet history method was used to assess habitual diet. Antioxidant vitamins, carotenoids, uric acid, zinc-and ferricreducing ability of plasma (FRAP) were measured in fasting plasma and activities of glutathione peroxidase (GPX), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione S-transferase (GST) and level of reduced glutathione (GSH) were measured in erythrocytes. Results: Vegetarians had approximately 15% higher levels of plasma carotenoids compared with omnivores, including lutein (Pp0.05), a-cryptoxanthin Pp0.05), lycopene (NS), a-carotene (NS) and b-carotene (NS). The levels/activities of all other antioxidants measured were similar between vegetarians and omnivores. Total intake of fruits, vegetables and fruit juices was positively associated with plasma levels of several carotenoids and vitamin C. Intake of vegetables was positively associated with plasma lutein, a-cryptoxanthin, a-carotene and b-carotene, whereas intake of fruits was positively associated with plasma b-cryptoxanthin. Intake of tea and wine was positively associated with FRAP value, whereas intake of herbal tea associated positively with plasma vitamin C. Intakes of meat and fish were positively associated with plasma uric acid and FRAP value. Conclusions: The overall antioxidant status was similar between vegetarians and omnivores. Good correlations were found between intakes of carotenoids and their respective status in blood.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Influence of habitual diet on antioxidant status: a study in a population of vegetarians and omnivores

et al. 2007

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“…Adjusted geometric means (95% confidence interval) of b-carotene across quartiles of energyadjusted dietary TAC were calculated using the general linear model (GLM) procedure in SPSS (version 12.0; SPSS Inc, Chicago, IL, USA). Covariates for GLMs adjustment were selected from clinical and dietary variables related to plasma concentrations of b-carotene in previous publications as well as in our sample, namely age, gender, body mass index (BMI), smoking, hypertension, HOMA-IR, plasma concentrations of HDL cholesterol, triglycerides, uric acid, GGT, Creactive protein (CRP) and intake of fiber, alcohol, fat, vitamin C, vitamin E, b-carotene, fruits and vegetables Dietary TAC and plasma b-carotene S Valtueña et al (Carroll et al, 1999;Facchini et al, 2000;Kritchevsky et al, 2000;Ford et al, 2003;Brevik et al, 2004;Coyne et al, 2005). Independent predictors of plasma b-carotene were identified by stepwise multiple regression analysis.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The total antioxidant capacity of the diet is an independent predictor of plasma β-carotene

et al. 2006

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Objective: To investigate the contribution of the total antioxidant capacity (TAC) of the diet to plasma concentrations of b-carotene. Design: Cross-sectional study. Setting: Department of Public Health and Department of Internal Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Parma. Subjects: A total of 247 apparently healthy adult men (n ¼ 140) and women (n ¼ 107). Methods: A medical history, a physical exam including height, weight, waist circumference and blood pressure measurements, a fasting blood draw, an oral glucose tolerance test and a 3-day food record. Results: We observe a negative trend across quartiles of plasma b-carotene for most biological variables clustering in the insulin resistance syndrome, as well as for traditional and new risk factors for type II diabetes and cardiovascular disease (CVD), including C-reactive protein and g-glutamyltranspeptidase (Po0.05). Regarding dietary characteristics, energy-adjusted intake of fat, fiber, fruits, vegetables, b-carotene, vitamin C, vitamin E and dietary TAC significantly increased with increasing plasma b-carotene (Po0.05), whereas alcohol intake decreased (P ¼ 0.013). Adjusted geometric means (95% confidence interval) of plasma b-carotene significantly increased across quartiles of dietary TAC, even when single dietary antioxidants were considered in the model (QI ¼ 0.087 mg/dl (0.073-0.102); QII ¼ 0.087 mg/dl (0.075-0.103); QIII ¼ 0.114 mg/dl (0.098-0.132) and QIV ¼ 0.110 mg/dl (0.093-0.130); P for linear trend ¼ 0.026). When the population was divided on the basis of alcohol consumption, this trend was also observed in subjects drinking o20 g alcohol/day (P ¼ 0.034), but not in those with higher alcohol intake (P ¼ 0.448). Conclusions: Dietary TAC is an independent predictor of plasma b-carotene, especially in moderate alcohol drinkers. This may explain, at least in part, the inverse relationship observed between plasma b-carotene and risk of chronic diseases associated to high levels of oxidative stress (i.e., diabetes and CVD), as well as the failure of b-carotene supplements alone in reducing such risk. Contributors: SV participated in the study design and the collection of clinical data, performed the statistical analysis and was the primary writer of the paper, but received input from all the other authors. DDR contributed to the preparation of the paper, to laboratory analysis and to the study design. NP provided expert advice and was involved in paper editing and data interpretation. DA and LF participated in subjects' recruitment and management, in the collection and interpretation of clinical data and in the discussion of the paper. PMP and SS were involved in laboratory analysis and quality control. PR carried out the analysis of plasma b-carotene and provided expert advice on data interpretation. DDR, NP, SS and FB were responsible for the collection, completeness and interpretation of dietary data. IZ was responsible for ethical approval and subjects' recruitment. IZ and FB were responsible for the study concept and design and for sec...

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“…ascorbic acid, fibre) and thus, serum carotenoid status may be used as an index related to a healthy diet (Brevik et al, 2004). However, both dietary intake and serum concentrations of carotenoids have shown a high variability both within and between subjects in different populations (Riboli et al, 1988;Ascherio et al, 1992;Scott et al, 1996;Olmedilla et al, 2001).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of carotenoid status and the relation to glycaemic control in type I diabetics: a follow-up study

et al. 2006

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Objective: To assess the carotenoid status in young type I diabetic patients and its relationship to the glycaemic control of the disease. Design: A follow-up study. Setting: Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro, Health Area VI of Madrid (Spain). Subjects: Forty-seven type I diabetic patients, followed for 2.5 years. Interventions: Coinciding with physical examination and laboratory tests, serum levels of carotenoids were analysed by HPLC, and dietary intake of carotenoids was evaluated by a semiquantitative food frequency questionnaire and 3-day prospective dietary records. Results: In type I diabetic patients, average intake, serum levels and correlations between diet and serum levels of carotenoids were comparable to those in reference non-diabetic groups. Between-subjects seasonal variations were observed for bcryptoxanthin intake and serum levels (higher in winter) and serum lycopene (higher in summer). Significant within-subjects seasonal changes were shown for dietary and serum b-cryptoxanthin and serum b-carotene. Serum carotenoids were unrelated to glycaemic control markers. Subjects with clinically acceptable glycaemic control showed lower lycopene intake than those with unacceptable control. Intake of carotenoids did not explain variance in insulin dose, fasting glycaemia, fructosamine or HbA 1c . With the exception of lycopene, serum carotenoids were predicted by dietary intake, but in no case by fasting glycaemia, HbA 1c or fructosamine. Conclusion: In type I diabetic patients, serum carotenoid concentrations and their variance are determined by dietary intake patterns, and are unrelated to the glycaemic control of the disease, as assessed by biochemical markers.

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Six carotenoids in plasma used to assess recommended intake of fruits and vegetables in a controlled feeding study

Cited by 72 publications

References 30 publications

Influence of habitual diet on antioxidant status: a study in a population of vegetarians and omnivores

Influence of habitual diet on antioxidant status: a study in a population of vegetarians and omnivores

The total antioxidant capacity of the diet is an independent predictor of plasma β-carotene

Assessment of carotenoid status and the relation to glycaemic control in type I diabetics: a follow-up study

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