Siwalik sedimentation in a part of the Kumaun Himalaya, India

Magnetostratigraphy of the Neogene Siwalik Group in the far eastern Himalaya: Kameng section, Arunachal Pradesh, India

“…Therefore, they are incorporated in the outer part of the orogenic belt, forming the Sub-Himalayan range (elevation from 200 to 1500 m). In the north-western (Pakistan or Himachal Pradesh, India) and central (Nepal) parts of the foreland basin, the SH sediments are composed of fluvial material (Tandon, 1976;Willis, 1993;Nakayama and Ulak, 1999), which was deposited from Late Miocene to Late Pliocene times (Najman, 2006;DeCelles et al, 1998) and is generally referred to as the Siwalik Group. In Nepal and western India, the Siwalik Group is about 5000 m thick (Ojha et al, 2009;Gautam and Fujiwara, 2000;White et al, 2001).…”

Geochemistry of Mansar Lake sediments, Jammu, India: Implication for source-area weathering, provenance, and tectonic setting

“…The lower Siwalik lithological samples from the catchment area were sliced and studied under a petrographic microscope. The modal analysis data of Tandon (1976) was used for comparison in this study.…”

Drainage response to active tectonics and evolution of tectonic geomorphology across the Himalayan Frontal Thrust, Kumaun Himalaya

“…The footwall of the MBT is composed of bedrock of the Siwalik Group ranging in age from~18 to 0.5 Ma (Pilgrim and West, 1928;Prakash et al, 1980;Tandon, 1991). The Lower Siwalik Formation (~18 to 11 Ma) is composed of indurated, medium-grained sandstones with maroon and greenish-grey clay-shale bands (Tandon, 1976;Karunakaran and Ranga Rao, 1979). The Middle Siwalik Formation (~11 to 5.23 Ma) comprises variably indurated sandstones interbedded with chocolatebrown and purple-coloured clays; it is not observed east of the Kosi River (Tandon, 1976).…”

“…The Lower Siwalik Formation (~18 to 11 Ma) is composed of indurated, medium-grained sandstones with maroon and greenish-grey clay-shale bands (Tandon, 1976;Karunakaran and Ranga Rao, 1979). The Middle Siwalik Formation (~11 to 5.23 Ma) comprises variably indurated sandstones interbedded with chocolatebrown and purple-coloured clays; it is not observed east of the Kosi River (Tandon, 1976). The Upper Siwalik Formation (~5.26 to 0.5 Ma) is mainly made up of polymictic conglomerates, friable sandstones, and mixed sandstone/mudstone heterolithics.…”