“…As most hospitality service settings represent shared territory and space for customers, other customers' behaviors or misbehaviors can significantly affect the observing customer's emotional state, which in turn will affect the observing customer's satisfaction (Huang and Wang, 2014;Wu et al, 2014;Miao, 2014;Miao et al, 2011). It is found that people still consider other customer-caused failure to be the service provider's responsibility if the failure is under the provider's volitional control (Huang, 2008), and as such, recovery and compensation actions around other customer failure are likely to affect both customer emotions and fairness perceptions, which will further influence post-recovery satisfaction (Huang, 2008;Sparks and McColl-Kennedy, 2001;Wu et al, 2014).…”