Situation awareness global assessment technique (SAGAT)

Endsley, Mica R.

doi:10.1109/naecon.1988.195097

Cited by 560 publications

(435 citation statements)

References 1 publication

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“…Techniques such as SAGAT (Endsley 1995b) and SART (Taylor 1990) have been applied in a number of areas, including military aviation (Endsley 1995b), air traffic control (Endsley and Kiris 1995), military operations , driving (Walker, Stanton and Young 2004) and the process industry (Hogg et al 1995).…”

Section: Measuring Samentioning

confidence: 99%

Situation awareness measurement: A review of applicability for C4i environments

et al. 2006

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The construct of situation awareness (SA) has become a core theme within the human factors (HF) research community. Consequently, there have been numerous attempts to develop reliable and valid measures of SA. Despite this, it is apparent that there are a lack of techniques that have been developed specifically for the assessment of SA in C4i (command, control, communication, computers and intelligence) environments.During the design, development and evaluation of novel systems, technology and procedures, valid and reliable situation awareness measurement techniques are required for the assessment of individual and team SA. SA is assessed in order to determine the improvements (or in some cases decrements) resulting from proposed design and technological interventions. The following paper presents a review of existing situation awareness measurement techniques conducted in order to assess their suitability for use in the assessment of SA in C4i environments. Seventeen SA measures were evaluated against a set of HF methods criteria. It was concluded that current SA measurement techniques are inadequate for use in the assessment of SA in C4i environments, and a multiple-measure approach utilising different approaches is recommended.

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Section: Measuring Samentioning

confidence: 99%

Situation awareness measurement: A review of applicability for C4i environments

et al. 2006

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“…Furthermore, Endsley divides SA into three levels [29,30,31,32,33]. Level 1 represents the perception of the elements in the environment within a volume of space and time.…”

Section: Tewa and Situation Awarenessmentioning

confidence: 99%

Threat evaluation and weapon assignment decision support: A review of the state of the art

Roux

Vuuren

2007

ORiON

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In a military environment an operator is typically required to evaluate the tactical situation in real-time and protect defended assets against enemy threats by assigning available weapon systems to engage enemy craft. This environment requires rapid operational planning and decision making under severe stress conditions, and the associated responsibilities are usually divided between a number of operators and computerized decision support systems that aid these operators during the decision making processes. The aim in this paper is to review the state of the art of this kind of threat evaluation and weapon assignment decision support process as it stands within the context of a ground based air defence system (GBADS) at the turn of the twenty first century. However, much of the contents of the paper may be generalized to military environments other than a GBADS one.

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“…The SAGAT [12] is an electronically based objective measure of SA, designed to assess an individual's SA level through questions relating to their task. Through eliciting information about their knowledge regarding the situation, an objective measure of SA can be obtained by comparing it with the real situation.…”

Section: The Situation Awareness Global Assessment Techniquementioning

confidence: 99%

An Empirical Study of the Relationship Between Situation Awareness and Decision Making

Stanners¹,

French²

2005

PsycEXTRA Dataset

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It is assumed that good situation awareness (SA) leads to good decision making, which is then expected to result in a good outcome. Despite increasing reliance on this assumption by the land force, little research has been undertaken to validate it. This study attempts to address this deficiency. SA was assessed using the Direct Questioning Technique, which elicits SA through direct questioning during play. This is an adaptation of the Situation Awareness Global Assessment Technique. Responses to SA questions were compared against the ground truth of the scripted scenario. A relationship was found between SA and decision making, such that participants with a high degree of SA made high quality decisions. SA was also related to planning. However, other factors also contributed significantly to decision quality and performance. It is assumed that good SA leads to good decision making, which is then expected to result in a good outcome. Despite increasing reliance on this assumption by the land force, little research has been undertaken to validate it. This study attempts to address this deficiency through examining whether there are differences in the quality of decisions made by people of varying degrees of SA. This was done using a computer simulated reconnaissance mission, to provide the researcher with a high degree of control, and to reduce the interference of variables such as hunger and fatigue in the decision-making process. The role that planning before entering the situation plays in decision making and SA quality was also of interest. RELEASE LIMITATIONTwenty-four participants aged 18-40, from the South Australian Air Field Defence Squadron and DSTO, volunteered to engage in a scenario using the commercial-offthe-shelf game 'Operation Flashpoint'. This is a military-based tactical first-person shooter game that has been lauded as the most realistic first-person war game available. It is also scriptable, allowing the custom design of a scenario appropriate to the study. A reconnaissance scenario was scripted with the aid of a subject matter expert. It was tightly constrained such that although the participant had the freedom to choose their course of action, they had no more than three options to choose from at each decision point.Planning was assessed by administering a short questionnaire after providing the participant with the appropriate information. The questionnaire garnered their knowledge of such things as their rules of engagement, their mission statement, and possible courses of action.SA was assessed using the Direct Questioning Technique (DQT), a question and answer technique that elicits SA through direct questioning at natural breaks during play. The DQT involves asking questions from all three levels of SA, and the questions related to elements of the game environment, such as enemy locations, convoys observed, and perception of time passed. The DQT is an adaptation of the Situation Awareness Global Assessment Technique.Decision making was assessed through a scoring system that at...

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Situation awareness global assessment technique (SAGAT)

Cited by 560 publications

References 1 publication

Situation awareness measurement: A review of applicability for C4i environments

Situation awareness measurement: A review of applicability for C4i environments

Threat evaluation and weapon assignment decision support: A review of the state of the art

An Empirical Study of the Relationship Between Situation Awareness and Decision Making

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