Situated Identities and Response Variables

Alexander, C. Norman; Rudd, Joël

doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-685180-9.50010-5

Cited by 14 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…However, the extent to which mianzi is concerned, its external performance and its criteria for judgment between Western and Eastern society are very different (Brown and Levinson, 1978;Ho, 1976). In Western society, the concept of mianzi is close to that of ''face,'' referring to one person's identity in a particular situation (Alexander and Rudd, 1981). While ''face'' represents an identity at individual level, mianzi in Eastern society represents a positive social value that one successfully earns from others in specific social interaction.…”

Section: Mianzimentioning

confidence: 97%

Cultural and Organizational Antecedents of Guanxi: The Chinese Cases

Lin

2010

J Bus Ethics

105

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Section: Mianzimentioning

confidence: 97%

Cultural and Organizational Antecedents of Guanxi: The Chinese Cases

Lin

2010

J Bus Ethics

105

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“…In Western social psychology, “face” is conceptualized as an individual's situated identity, or identity in a particular situation (Alexander & Rudd, 1981). In Confucian culture, face can be defined as an individual's contingent self‐esteem (Ng, 2001), or as a person's cognitive response to social evaluation of his conduct in a particular situation.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Moral face and social face: Contingent self‐esteem in Confucian society

Hwang

2006

Int J Psychol

143

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Three empirical studies related to the Chinese concept of face are reviewed to provide examples of the indigenous approach of Chinese psychology. Using the technique of paired comparison, the first study indicated that college students (who are preparing to enter the job market) feel that they “have face” most when they do well in their academic performance, followed by being morally upright. Retirees (who have withdrawn from the workplace) feel that they “have face” most when their children are morally upright and successful in their careers. The second study (on patterns of emotional reactions of related others to an agent's social and moral incidents) showed, first, that incidents of positive achievement were generally evaluated by college students as being experienced with a more intense feeling of having face than were incidents of positive morality, while incidents of negative morality were experienced with a more intense feeling of “having no face” than were incidents of negative achievement. Second, for a positive incident of having face, the intensity of emotional reaction experienced by acquaintances was generally lower than that of family members. The difference was not so strong as in the negative incident of having no face. The third study (which was a cross‐cultural one on cognitive distortion caused by misconduct of related others) indicated that American college students tended to adopt a consistent standard to judge the wrongness of illegal behaviours, regardless of their relationships with the transgressor. But Taiwanese college students tended to judge an illegal behaviour as more wrong when it was done by a person outside the family, while they held a more lenient attitude towards the misconduct of parents, and a similar or more harsh attitude towards their children. Research findings are interpreted in the context of Confucian tradition.

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“…Sentencing decisions were gathered from realistic sentencing Adapted from Alexander & Rudd, 1981 scenarios created from modal sentencing data obtained during 2002 to 2006 from the defunct Wisconsin sentencing commission. Sentencing decisions were gathered from realistic sentencing Adapted from Alexander & Rudd, 1981 scenarios created from modal sentencing data obtained during 2002 to 2006 from the defunct Wisconsin sentencing commission.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Situated identities are social creations and viewpoints of the self in connection to group interaction and the perceptions of others; it is how we define ourselves and our choices in connection to other people. Within social situations, multiple situated identities might exist for each individual so that the actor purposively selects behaviors to be defined in the desired manner, either socially desirable or undesirable, by the desired person (Alexander & Knight, 1971;Alexander & Lauderdale, 1977;Alexander & Rudd, 1981;Alexander & Wiley, 1981). Within social situations, multiple situated identities might exist for each individual so that the actor purposively selects behaviors to be defined in the desired manner, either socially desirable or undesirable, by the desired person (Alexander & Knight, 1971;Alexander & Lauderdale, 1977;Alexander & Rudd, 1981;Alexander & Wiley, 1981).…”

Section: Theoretical Creation Of Judicial Social Worldsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Creation of Sentencing Decisions

Huck

Lee

2012

Criminal Justice Policy Review

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Judicial sentencing decision research most often examines the legal, defendant, and judicial characteristics that predict incarceration and sentence length decisions. Often ignored are the social worlds of the courtroom and judge in how these relate to sentencing decision processes and outcomes. The general framework of symbolic interactionism, through the theories of expectation states and situated identity, provides a foundation to understand the social processes of sentencing. A self-report survey administered to Wisconsin Circuit Court judges (n = 74) gathered information about these social processes that might be used to predict sentencing patterns. The results strengthen the position that judges' decisions are not outside of social pressures, and judges develop sentencing decisions that align with the viewpoints of others as well as interpretations of the legal code.

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Situated Identities and Response Variables

Cited by 14 publications

References 17 publications

Cultural and Organizational Antecedents of Guanxi: The Chinese Cases

Cultural and Organizational Antecedents of Guanxi: The Chinese Cases

Moral face and social face: Contingent self‐esteem in Confucian society

The Creation of Sentencing Decisions

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