Sites of Gibberellin Biosynthesis in Pea Seedlings

Coolbaugh, Ronald C.

doi:10.1104/pp.78.3.655

Cited by 27 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 24 publications

(11 reference statements)

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“…The plants used in these investigations were physiologically younger than the corresponding cultivars that were used in previous investigations in the authors' laboratory (Ecklund and Moore 1974) and those of Coolbaugh (1985) and Chung and Coolbaugh (1986). This was due to the lower temperature regimen (19-21~176 used in these studies compared to those used previously [i.e., 20-23~176 (Ecklund and Moore 1974) and 23-25~176 (Chung and Coolbaugh 1986)].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…2 in Coolbaugh (1985)]. The shoot tip is an active center of ent-kaurene biosynthesis (Coolbaugh 1985, Coolbaugh et al 1973, Ecklund and Moore 1974, and evidently is the site also of perception of low temperatures during vernalization (Metzger 1988). The shoot tip typically was excised above the 5th or 6th node (counting the cotyledonary node as I) of seedlings of all four cultivars.…”

Section: Preparation Of Enzyme Extractsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Induction ofent-kaurene biosynthesis by low temperature in dwarf peas

Moore

1991

J Plant Growth Regul

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Abstract. Germinating pea (Pisum sativum L.) seeds of two dwarf cultivars, "Progress No. 9" and "Green Arrow," and two tall cultivars, "Alaska" and "Alderman," were treated with low temperature (3-5~ for 14 days and then transferred to normal growing conditions (19-21~ for 16 h/14.5-16.5~ for 8 h) for an additional 10 days. Biosynthesis of [14C]ent-kaurene from [14C]2-mevalonic acid (2-MVA) was assayed in cell-free enzyme extracts prepared from shoot tips 10 days after cold treatment and was compared with activity in enzyme extracts prepared from noncold-treated, 10-day-old control plants. Shoot lengths of coldtreated plants were measured throughout a 35-day period and compared with shoot lengths of plants grown without cold treatment for 25-35 days. Low temperature induced a five-to 10-fold enhancement of ent-kaurene, hence potentially gibberellin (GA), biosynthesis in seedlings of the two dwarf cultivars but not in the tall cultivars. However, the lack of an increase in growth rate in the cold-treated dwarfs indicated that endogenous GA biosynthesis remained blocked at some point beyond ent-kaurene in the biosynthetic pathway. Since the lateflowering "Alderman" cultivar did not exhibit enhanced biosynthesis of ent-kaurene, it appears that if vernalization in late-flowering cultivars of peas is correlated with enhanced GA biosynthesis, it is not the early part of the biosynthetic pathway which is affected.The many commercial cultivars of pea (Pisum sativum L.) are categorized as dwarf and tall and as early-flowering and late-flowering. Dwarf cultivars generally mature at shoot heights of approximately 30 cm or less, whereas tall cultivars may exceed 1 m. Late-flowering cultivars typically flower above the 15th node, respond to photoperiod as quantitative long-day plants, and are vernalizable. In contrast, early-flowering cultivars flower at the 9th or 10th node above the cotyledons, behave as dayneutral plants, and are not vernalizable (Barber 1959, Marx 1977, Moore 1964, Moore and Bonde 1962, Muffet 1977, Reid 1988, Reid and Muffet 1975.Vernalization of late-flowering cultivars of pea, that is, treatment of germinating seeds with low temperature for one to several weeks to induce early flowering, has been investigated extensively (Barber 1959, Highkin 1956, Moore and Bonde 1958, 1962, Reid and Muffet 1975. Highkin (1956) first reported that late-flowering cultivars are vernalizable with respect to both flower formation and vegetative development. The inductive effect of cold treatment on flowering is manifested as a reduction in the number of nodes to flower and the number of days to anthesis. The inductive effect of low temperature on vegetative development is a reduction in the amount of vegetative growth accompanying flowering (i.e., height to the first flowering node). Highkin termed the latter effect "vegetative vernalization" (Highkin 1956).The purpose of the present investigations was to test the hypothesis that vernalization of lateflowering cultivars of peas is correlated with enhanced biosynthesis of...

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 94%

Section: Preparation Of Enzyme Extractsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Induction ofent-kaurene biosynthesis by low temperature in dwarf peas

Moore

1991

J Plant Growth Regul

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“…The presence of a divalent cation, preferably Mg2+, is required for both activities. Knowledge about these early stages of gibberellin biosynthesis in Gibberella fujikuroi has been comprehensively reviewed by Sembdner et al (1980) and Coolbaugh (1983); and a more recent review (Graebe, 1987) provides some supplementary information. It is apparent from the extensive literature that the early stages of GA biosynthesis are identical in the fungus and in higher plants.…”

Section: Biosynthesis and Regulationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fungal Gibberellin Production

Brueckner

Blechschmidt

Sembdner

et al. 1989

Biotechnology of Vitamins, Pigments and Growth Factors

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“…The sterols, gibberellins and carotenoids of G. fujikuroi are synthesized through a pathway that includes 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) and -mevalonate (Coolbaugh, 1983 ;Domenech et al, 1996). These intermediaries are not used in an alternative pathway as found in other organisms, which starts with glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate and pyruvate (Rohmer et al, 1993).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%