Site-specific immunophenotyping of keloid disease demonstrates immune upregulation and the presence of lymphoid aggregates

Bagabir, Rania A; Byers, Richard; Chaudhry, Iskander H.; Müller, Werner; Paus, Ralf; Bayat, Ardeshir

doi:10.1111/j.1365-2133.2012.11190.x

Cited by 111 publications

(138 citation statements)

References 66 publications

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“…NANOG (figure 1D, red), another ESC marker, which is associated with ESC pluripotency,13 was also expressed on the CD34 + endothelium (figure 1D, green). The abundance of nucleated cells (figure 1A–D) immediately adjacent to the endothelium that expressed these ESC markers appeared similar to a recent report of KALTs in KS and led us to investigate the expression of the KALT-associated markers,10 CD20 (figure 2A, brown) and CD4 (figure 2B, brown) in the same KS samples. Staining of the same phenotypic endothelium, characterised by the expression of vWF (figure 2A, B, red), confirmed the expression of these ESC markers in the endothelium of the microvessels within the KALTs.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 80%

“…Stem cells exhibiting clonogenicity, multipotency and self-renewal abilities have also been demonstrated in KS, and these contribute to the pathological environment required for benign tumour-like cell growth 9. KS has been shown to express the embryonic stem cell (ESC) markers OCT4 and SSEA-4,9 while a recent report has demonstrated the presence of lymphoid cells expressing CD20, which are organised into distinctive aggregates known as keloid-associated lymphoid tissue (KALT) 10. However, what remains to be determined is the exact localisation of this primitive population within KS.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Expression of embryonic stem cell markers in keloid-associated lymphoid tissue

et al. 2016

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 80%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Expression of embryonic stem cell markers in keloid-associated lymphoid tissue

et al. 2016

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“…Thus, abrogating the M1 phenotype in wounds may decrease the development of scarring [37]. While the relationship between the ratios of M1 and M2 macrophages in human wounds and the presence of keloid scarring remains ambiguous, keloid scar tissue has been noted to have a higher number of M2 macrophages as well as increased numbers of T and B cells [38]. Thus, the relative fibrotic and reparative roles of the M2 macrophage are complex and require further elaboration.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Selective M2 Macrophage Depletion Leads to Prolonged Inflammation in Surgical Wounds

Klinkert¹,

Whelan²,

Clover³

et al. 2017

Eur Surg Res

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Background: A prolonged inflammatory phase is seen in aberrant wound healing and in chronic wounds. Macrophages are central to wound healing. Distinct macrophage subtypes have differing roles both in initial inflammation and in later tissue repair. Broadly, these cells can be divided into M1 and M2 macrophages. M2 macrophage proliferation and differentiation is regulated by colony-stimulating factor 1 (CSF-1) signalling and can be blocked by GW2580, a competitive cFMS kinase inhibitor, thereby allowing for analysis of the effect of M2 blockade on progression of surgical wounds. Materials and Methods: Macrophage Fas-induced apoptosis (MaFIA) transgenic mice with a macrophage-specific promoter used to express green fluorescent protein (GFP) were used to allow for cell tracking. The animals were treated by oral gavage with GW2580. Surgical wounds were created and harvested after 2 weeks for analysis. Results: GW2580-treated mice had significantly more GFP+ cells in the surgical scar than vehicle-treated animals (GW2580, 68.0 ± 3.1%; vehicle, 42.8 ± 1.7%; p < 0.001), and GW2580 treatment depleted CD206+ M2 macrophages in the scar (GW2580, 1.4%; vehicle, 19.3%; p < 0.001). Treated animals showed significantly higher numbers of neutrophils (vehicle, 18.0%; GW2580, 51.3%; p < 0.01) and M1 macrophages (vehicle, 3.8%; GW2580, 12.8%; p < 0.01) in the scar compared to vehicle-treated animals. The total collagen content in the area of the scar was decreased in animals treated with GW2580 as compared to those treated with vehicle alone (GW2580, 67.1%; vehicle, 79.9%; p < 0.005). Conclusions: Depletion of M2 macrophages in surgical wounds via CSF-1 signalling blockade leads to persistent inflammation, with an increase in neutrophils and M1 macrophages and attenuated collagen deposition.

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“…The expression of these chemokines correlated with vascular damage in these patients as well [86]. Like SSc patients, there are increased mast cells and macrophages in the skin of keloid patients, but these are alternative M2 macrophages [87]. This suggests the transition to the M2 phenotype may play role in causing fibrosis.…”

Section: Myeloid Lineage Cells In Excessive Skin Healingmentioning

confidence: 88%

The Role of Myeloid Lineage Cells on Skin Healing and Skin Regeneration

Yousuf¹,

Amini-Nik²

2017

J Tissue Sci Eng

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Skin healing a complex and well-orchestrated process that involves the coordination and activity of many cell types. Myeloid lineage cells are inflammatory cells recruited to the wound site that remove injured tissue and invading pathogens. Besides this role, due to their ability to secrete a variety of growth factors and cytokines, myeloid cells influence each stage of wound healing (primarily inflammation and proliferation phases). Abnormalities in myeloid cell function lead to pathologies such as excessive and deficient healing. Therapies based on modulating myeloid cells may hold therapeutic potential. However, further research is needed to fully elucidate the spatial and temporal mechanisms of myeloid cells in skin healing. The objective of this review is to discuss recent findings on the role of myeloid lineage cells in skin healing and regeneration.

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Site-specific immunophenotyping of keloid disease demonstrates immune upregulation and the presence of lymphoid aggregates

Cited by 111 publications

References 66 publications

Expression of embryonic stem cell markers in keloid-associated lymphoid tissue

Expression of embryonic stem cell markers in keloid-associated lymphoid tissue

Selective M2 Macrophage Depletion Leads to Prolonged Inflammation in Surgical Wounds

The Role of Myeloid Lineage Cells on Skin Healing and Skin Regeneration

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