The Role of Myeloid Lineage Cells on Skin Healing and Skin Regeneration

Abstract

Skin healing a complex and well-orchestrated process that involves the coordination and activity of many cell types. Myeloid lineage cells are inflammatory cells recruited to the wound site that remove injured tissue and invading pathogens. Besides this role, due to their ability to secrete a variety of growth factors and cytokines, myeloid cells influence each stage of wound healing (primarily inflammation and proliferation phases). Abnormalities in myeloid cell function lead to pathologies such as excessive and deficient healing. Therapies based on modulating myeloid cells may hold therapeutic potential. However, further research is needed to fully elucidate the spatial and temporal mechanisms of myeloid cells in skin healing. The objective of this review is to discuss recent findings on the role of myeloid lineage cells in skin healing and regeneration.

Regulation of glycolysis and the Warburg effect in wound healing

“…While impaired healing is a concern in deep dermal or full-thickness burns, a subset of these patients may suffer from aberrant wound healing such as posttrauma scarring. Excessive scarring can occur in the form of keloids, which recapitulate the major clinical features associated with benign skin tumors, including uncontrolled growth, invasion of normal tissues, and recurrence despite treatment (2,3). In addition to gross and histological similarities, keloids exhibit metabolic and inflammatory alterations that parallel those seen in tumors such as chronic inflammation and an unstimulated increase in glucose uptake (25,26).…”

“…Wound healing is a complex and carefully coordinated physiologic response to a cutaneous injury inflicted in conditions such as surgery, trauma, or burns. Deregulation of this process following insult to the reticular dermis can result in aberrant scar formation, such as keloids (1)(2)(3). Despite their common occurrence, keloids remain one of the most challenging conditions to successfully treat and are associated with pruritus, pain, and contractures, often leaving a significant functional and psychosocial impact on patients.…”

Examining the contribution of surrounding intact skin during cutaneous healing

“…It is believed that cells from the wound bed area and the surrounding intact skin migrate to the void excised skin (Bielefeld et al. , ; Yousuf & Amini‐Nik, ). However, the extent of this contribution is not yet verified.…”

“…These findings suggest that the healing wound most likely receives signaling cues from the periwound to increase myofibroblastic differentiation, which assists in wound contraction for wound closure (Amini‐Nik et al. , ; Shah & Amini‐Nik, ; Yousuf & Amini‐Nik, ; Sadiq et al. ).…”

Wound Healing Process, Diabetes and Implications of Dipeptidyl Peptidase IV (DPP IV/CD26)

“…After collagen synthesis, the injured skin returns to its normal state. Due to angiogenesis, the supply of oxygen and nutrients again contribute to tissue functionality [33].…”