Sitagliptin/Simvastatin: a first combination tablet to treat type 2 diabetes and hypercholesterolemia &amp;ndash; a review of its characteristics

Ramadan, Wijdan H; Kabbara, Wissam K

doi:10.2147/vhrm.s79198

Cited by 17 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…The choice of an insulin treatment, timely initiation and schedule of insulin therapy are crucial factors in reaching optimal glycemic control. This involves a proper combination of insulin and antidiabetic agents in a way that guarantees safety and improves blood glucose levels (Table I) (29)(30)(31)(32)(33)(34)(35).…”

Section: Diabetes and Drug Treatmentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Moieties in antidiabetic drugs as a target of insulin receptors in association with common neurological disorders

et al. 2016

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Abstract. Insulin is a peptide that can be harmful with regards to neuroplasticity, neuroprotection and neuromodulation. Furthermore, the role of insulin highlights its relevance in the progress of diverse clinical disorders as well as in the mechanisms associated with certain pathogenesis and their evolution towards diabetes, obesity and neurodegenerative diseases. The precise molecular mechanisms by which these diseases are induced remain to be elucidated. The benefits in knowing/discovering these mechanisms in animal models and humans cannot be undermined. An in depth understanding of the principal risk factors leading to obesity and their management is vital in the implementation of early-life strategies of intervention and prevention, with a view to avoid adverse late-life outcomes. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to review their possible association with antidiabetic drugs.

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Section: Diabetes and Drug Treatmentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Moieties in antidiabetic drugs as a target of insulin receptors in association with common neurological disorders

et al. 2016

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“…Simvastatin is a statin that is a 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase inhibitor, which is currently used to manage blood cholesterol levels and prevent cardiovascular disease (10,11). It has been reported that simvastatin increases the survival of patients with sepsis or infection by inhibiting sepsis-induced mortality and preventing acute kidney injury (12).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Therapeutic effects of simvastatin combined with kallistatin treatment for pediatric burn patients with sepsis

Dai

Zhao

2018

Exp Ther Med

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Abstract. The aim of the present study was to examine the combined efficacy of simvastatin and kallistatin treatment for pediatric burn sepsis. A total of 72 pediatric patients with burn sepsis were recruited and randomly divided into 3 groups, receiving simvastatin (40 mg/day), kallistatin (20 mg/day) or combined treatment. ELISA, reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction, western blotting and flow cytometry were used to analyze the therapeutic effects of simvastatin and kallistatin. The results revealed that combined treatment in pediatric burn sepsis patients decreased the inflammatory cytokine tumor necrosis factor α and interleukin (IL)-1β serum levels, whereas it increased IL-10 and human leukocyte antigen-D related levels. In addition, administration of combined simvastatin and kallistatin decreased the blood urea nitrogen and serum creatinine levels in the patients. It was also demonstrated that Toll-like receptor 4 expression on the surface of monocytes was markedly decreased, while suppressor of cytokine signaling-3 expression was increased in the combined treatment group as compared with the kallistatin or simvastatin treatment alone. Combined treatment also promoted human endothelial cell (HEC) growth compared with the single treatment groups and inhibited the high mobility group box-1 (HMGB1) levels, HMGB1-induced nuclear factor-κB activation and inflammatory gene expression levels in these cells. The study further demonstrated that combined treatment significantly decreased HEC apoptosis through the upregulation of B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2) and P53 expression levels, as well as downregulation of Bcl-2-associated X protein and caspase-3 levels. In conclusion, these observations indicated that combined treatment with simvastatin and kallistatin inhibited HEC apoptosis, which may be a potential therapeutic strategy for the treatment of pediatric burn sepsis patients.

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“…Further putative therapeutic effects include decrease of hippocampal amyloid-beta abundance in Alzheimer’s disease [16], anticoagulation [10], inhibition of inflammatory disease, such as asthma [1, 17-19], protection against contrast-induced nephropathy [20], protection of cardiac allografts against ischemia/reperfusion injury [21], as well as counteraction of osteoporosis and support of bone fracture healing [22, 23]. Side effects of simvastatin include rhabdomyolysis [6, 8, 24-29] and thrombocytopenia [30]. …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Simvastatin, a Novel Stimulator of Eryptosis, the Suicidal Erythrocyte Death

Bhuyan

Nüßle

Cao

et al. 2017

Cell Physiol Biochem

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Background/Aims: The 3-hydroxy-3-methyl-glutaryl-Coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase inhibitor simvastatin has been shown to trigger apoptosis of several cell types. The substance has thus been proposed as an additional treatment of malignancy. Similar to apoptosis of nucleated cells, erythrocytes may enter eryptosis, the suicidal erythrocyte death. Hallmarks of eryptosis include cell shrinkage and cell membrane scrambling with phosphatidylserine translocation to the extracellular face of the erythrocyte cell membrane. Signaling contributing to stimulation of eryptosis include increase of cytosolic Ca²⁺ activity ([Ca²⁺]_i), induction of oxidative stress, increase of ceramide abundance, and activation of SB203580-sensitive p38 kinase. The present study explored, whether simvastatin induces eryptosis and aimed to shed light on cellular mechanisms involved. Methods: Flow cytometry was employed to quantify phosphatidylserine exposure at the cell surface from annexin-V-binding, cell volume from forward scatter, [Ca²⁺]_i from Fluo3-fluorescence, reactive oxygen species (ROS) abundance from DCFDA dependent fluorescence, and ceramide abundance utilizing specific antibodies. Hemolysis was estimated from hemoglobin concentration in the supernatant. Results: A 48 h exposure of human erythrocytes to simvastatin (1 µg/ml) significantly decreased the forward scatter, significantly augmented the percentage of annexin-V-binding cells, significantly increased Fluo3-fluorescence, and significantly enhanced DCFDA fluorescence. Simvastatin tended to increase ceramide abundance, an effect, however, escaping statistical significance. The effect of simvastatin on annexin-V-binding was significantly blunted by removal of extracellular Ca²⁺ and by addition of SB203580 (2 µM). Conclusions: Simvastatin stimulates eryptosis, an effect at least in part due to Ca²⁺ entry, oxidative stress, and p38 kinase.

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Sitagliptin/Simvastatin: a first combination tablet to treat type 2 diabetes and hypercholesterolemia – a review of its characteristics

Cited by 17 publications

References 36 publications

Moieties in antidiabetic drugs as a target of insulin receptors in association with common neurological disorders

Moieties in antidiabetic drugs as a target of insulin receptors in association with common neurological disorders

Therapeutic effects of simvastatin combined with kallistatin treatment for pediatric burn patients with sepsis

Simvastatin, a Novel Stimulator of Eryptosis, the Suicidal Erythrocyte Death

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