Moieties in antidiabetic drugs as a target of insulin receptors in association with common neurological disorders

Abstract

Abstract. Insulin is a peptide that can be harmful with regards to neuroplasticity, neuroprotection and neuromodulation. Furthermore, the role of insulin highlights its relevance in the progress of diverse clinical disorders as well as in the mechanisms associated with certain pathogenesis and their evolution towards diabetes, obesity and neurodegenerative diseases. The precise molecular mechanisms by which these diseases are induced remain to be elucidated. The benefits in knowing/discovering these mechanisms in animal models and humans cannot be undermined. An in depth understanding of the principal risk factors leading to obesity and their management is vital in the implementation of early-life strategies of intervention and prevention, with a view to avoid adverse late-life outcomes. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to review their possible association with antidiabetic drugs.

Cardiometabolic Modification of Amyloid Beta in Alzheimer’s Disease Pathology

“…Over the last 25 years, obesity rates have risen exponentially to the extent that obesity is now classified as an epidemic affecting 1 in 3 adults in the United States (Lee, 2011 ). Obesity is formally defined as a metabolic disorder in which body mass index >30 kg/m 2 (Walker and Harrison, 2015 ; Pugazhenthi et al, 2017 ) and is characterized by chronic hyperglycemia, elevated concentrations of free fatty acids in the blood via overnutrition, and physical inactivity (Guzman et al, 2016 ; Pugazhenthi et al, 2017 ). As lipids accumulate in adipose tissue, numerous adverse complications arise such as increases in peripheral inflammation, insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, and higher concentrations of inflammatory cytokines that play key roles in overactivation of immune response mechanisms (Lee, 2011 ; Verdile et al, 2015 ; Walker and Harrison, 2015 ; Pugazhenthi et al, 2017 ).…”