Abstract:AUTOMATIC SYSTEM FOR SEQUENTIAL DETERMINATION OF FREE AND TOTAL CYANIDE USING HOMOGENEOUS MEMBRANE TUBULAR ION-SELECTIVE ELECTRODE.This study presents an automated system for potentiometric determination of free and total cyanide which employs a homogeneous membrane tubular ion-selective electrode. After the electrode is assembled, it is connected to a system composed of 3 three-way solenoid valves, sample line, carrier line, acid stream, and gas diffusion chamber. A Turbo Pascal ® computer program, developed … Show more
“…29 The development of homogenous membrane tubular ion-selective electrode for cyanide determination was investigated by Queiroz and co-workers. 30 Also a tubular ion selective electrode based on the ionophore nanoctin on PVC membrane is described for ammonium determination. 31 An example of macrocyclic compound used for anion recognition was described by Stradiotto and co-workers 16 These authors have developed novel acyclic ruthenium (II) bipyridyl complexes, shown in Figure 1, which were designed as receptor complexes and which were successfully applied as potentiometric sensors for chloride ions.…”
Sensores potenciométricos, amperométricos e condutométricos são sensores eletroquímicos com imensa aplicação nas áreas de meio ambiente, indústria e análises clínicas. O presente trabalho apresenta uma revisão generalizada dos aspectos fundamentais, os desenvolvimento e a contribuição destes sensores na área de química analítica, e reporta alguns aspectos relevantes dos avanços na área de sensores eletroquímicos no Brasil.Potentiometric, amperometric and conductometric electrochemical sensors have found a number of interesting applications in the areas of environmental, industrial, and clinical analyses. This review presents a general overview of the three main types of electrochemical sensors, describing fundamental aspects, developments and their contribution to the area of analytical chemistry, relating relevant aspects of the development of electrochemical sensors in Brazil.
“…29 The development of homogenous membrane tubular ion-selective electrode for cyanide determination was investigated by Queiroz and co-workers. 30 Also a tubular ion selective electrode based on the ionophore nanoctin on PVC membrane is described for ammonium determination. 31 An example of macrocyclic compound used for anion recognition was described by Stradiotto and co-workers 16 These authors have developed novel acyclic ruthenium (II) bipyridyl complexes, shown in Figure 1, which were designed as receptor complexes and which were successfully applied as potentiometric sensors for chloride ions.…”
Sensores potenciométricos, amperométricos e condutométricos são sensores eletroquímicos com imensa aplicação nas áreas de meio ambiente, indústria e análises clínicas. O presente trabalho apresenta uma revisão generalizada dos aspectos fundamentais, os desenvolvimento e a contribuição destes sensores na área de química analítica, e reporta alguns aspectos relevantes dos avanços na área de sensores eletroquímicos no Brasil.Potentiometric, amperometric and conductometric electrochemical sensors have found a number of interesting applications in the areas of environmental, industrial, and clinical analyses. This review presents a general overview of the three main types of electrochemical sensors, describing fundamental aspects, developments and their contribution to the area of analytical chemistry, relating relevant aspects of the development of electrochemical sensors in Brazil.
“…Outra característica indesejável destes contaminantes é o fato de que, no processo de cloração da água potável, a sua reação com cloro produz clorofenóis e polifenóis que são carcinogênicos, além de que os compostos fenólicos causam diversos problemas ambientais (BASTOS, 1995 Os POAs dividem-se em sistemas homogêneos, que promovem a reação entre um catalisador e o resíduo orgânico, ou apenas o resíduo em uma única fase, e sistemas heterogêneos, que envolvem catalisador, quelantes na fase sólida e os resíduos, formando duas ou mais fases, sendo que em ambos os sistemas promove-se a geração dos radicais hidroxila, com ou sem o uso da radiação ultravioleta (NOGUEIRA et. al., 2007 (MARIN et al, 2000). Nas instituições de ensino e pesquisa o cianeto é utilizado como reagente em alguns procedimentos analíticos, notadamente como padrões em desenvolvimento de métodos objetivando a determinação da espécie química (MARIN et al, 2000;FIGUEROLA et al, 1988).…”
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“…al., 2007 (MARIN et al, 2000). Nas instituições de ensino e pesquisa o cianeto é utilizado como reagente em alguns procedimentos analíticos, notadamente como padrões em desenvolvimento de métodos objetivando a determinação da espécie química (MARIN et al, 2000;FIGUEROLA et al, 1988).…”
A sample preparation procedure for the quantitative determination of free and total cyanides in industrial effluents has been developed that involves hydrocyanic acid vapor generation via focused microwave radiation. Hydrocyanic acid vapor was generated from free cyanides using only 5 min of irradiation time (90 W power) and a purge time of 5 min. The HCN generated was absorbed into an accepting NaOH solution using very simple glassware apparatus that was appropriate for the microwave oven cavity. After that, the cyanide concentration was determined within 90 s using a well-known spectrophotometric flow injection analysis system. Total cyanide analysis required 15 min irradiation time (90 W power), as well as chemical conditions such as the presence of EDTA-acetate buffer solution or ascorbic acid, depending on the effluent to be analyzed (petroleum refinery or electroplating effluents, respectively). The detection limit was 0.018 mg CN l(-1) (quantification limit of 0.05 mg CN l(-1)), and the measured RSD was better than 8% for ten independent analyses of effluent samples (1.4 mg l(-1) cyanide). The accuracy of the procedure was assessed via analyte spiking (with free and complex cyanides) and by performing an independent sample analysis based on the standard methodology recommended by the APHA for comparison. The sample preparation procedure takes only 10 min for free and 20 min for total cyanide, making this procedure much faster than traditional methodologies (conventional heating and distillation), which are time-consuming (they require at least 1 h). Samples from oil (sour and stripping tower bottom waters) and electroplating effluents were analyzed successfully.
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