Sistem Kendali Kecepatan Motor BLDC Menggunakan PWM Berbasis Mikrokontroler Arduino Uno

Abstract

Perkembangan teknologi dalam bidang transportasi yaitu pada kendaraan listrik berkembang cukup pesat karena krisis bahan bakar fosil. Pada kendaraan listrik, terdapat penggerak utama agar kendaraan listrik dapat berjalan yaitu menggunakan motor listrik. Salah satu penggerak yang digunakan pada kendaraan listrik adalah motor DC jenis Permanent Magnet yaitu motor BLDC karena sistem komutasi pada motor BLDC berkomutasi secara elektrik sehingga memiliki efisiensi yang tinggi. Metode yang digunakan dalam pembuatan alat ini yaitu menggunakan mikrokontroler Arduino Uno sebagai kontroler yang mendapat sinyal input atau masukan dari pembacaan Hall Effect Sensor terhadap perubahan medan magnet pada saat motor BLDC berputar yang terjadi di dalam motor BLDC. Jenis motor yang digunakan yaitu motor BLDC 1000 Watt dengan tegangan 48 Volt yang menggunakan Inverter 3 Fasa untuk pengendalian motor BLDC. Pengontrolan kecepatan motor BLDC menggunakan keypad untuk mengatur besaran nilai duty cycle yang mengirimkan data berupa nilai ADC (Analog Digital Converter) ke mikrokontroler kemudian dirubah menjadi sinyal PWM (pulse Width Modulation) melalui inverter. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, kendali kecepatan motor BLDC menggunakan PWM adalah dengan mengendalikan nilai duty cycle,. Penambahan nilai duty cycle dapat mempengaruhi nilai tegangan motor. Semakin tinggi nilai duty cycle, maka nilai tegangan juga akan meningkat. Ketika nilai tegangan meningkat, maka nilai arus juga akan meningkat. Arus sebanding dengan kecepatan pada motor sehingga kecepatan motor juga akan meningkat. Berdasarkan hasil pengujian menunjukkan tegangan dan arus berbanding lurus dengan rpm motor.

Design of Brushless DC Motor Driver Based on Bootstrap Circuit

“…In [15], the IR2110 bootstrap circuit is implemented, but the study is focused on the fuzzy logic control performance of BLDC. The study in [20] also used an IR2110-based driver, which was tested to drive 48 V/ 1 kW BLDC. It reached 278 W with a 48 V supply using a 94 % PWM duty cycle.…”

“…Furthermore, the PWM signal as gate driver from the microcontroller was delivered through AND gate, which added component and complexity in the circuits as well as time delay to send the PWM signal from the microcontroller to the gate driver. Moreover, the driver, microcontroller, and other modules in [15] and [20] were still separated. In addition, the bootstrap circuit and capacitor value design in [15], [19] and [20] are not investigated in detail.…”

“…Moreover, the driver, microcontroller, and other modules in [15] and [20] were still separated. In addition, the bootstrap circuit and capacitor value design in [15], [19] and [20] are not investigated in detail. In contrast, the PWM frequency inserted in the driver plays an important role in the motor performance both in open loop and close loop control systems.…”

“…In [17], [18] designed and simulated IR2106 and IR2101-based drivers in Proteus software, respectively. In [19], the IR2110-based driver was built for 350 W BLDC with a 5 V microcontroller and hall effect sensor signal conditioning, while [20] was built for 1 kW BLDC without signal conditioning. Since the driver in previous research is based on 5 V, potential improvement can be achieved to get lower power consumption and faster control based on a 3.3 V microcontroller.…”

“…Since the driver in previous research is based on 5 V, potential improvement can be achieved to get lower power consumption and faster control based on a 3.3 V microcontroller. Moreover, in [20], hall effect sensors have not been utilized for speed sensor yet, while [19] and [15] only use one sensor for speed reading that will give limitation especially in BLDC with few magnet pairs. In addition, one of the most important steps in the IR2110 BLDC driver, that is, to get the appropriate value of the bootstrap capacitor, needed to be explained.…”