Sistem Kekhalifahan dan Konstruksi Budaya Politik Arab

Abstract

Jejak sistem kekhalifahan dalam sejarah pemerintahan umat Islam, khususnya di Arab muncul pasca wafatnya Nabi Muhammad. Gelar khalifah yang disandang oleh Abu Bakar yang terpilih untuk meminpin umat Islam pasca Rasulullah, ditengarai oleh sebagian kelompok umat Islam saat ini adalah bagian dari doktrin agama dengan sistem kekhalifahan-nya. Namun pada saat yang sama, sebagian kelompok umat Islam yang lain memandang sistem kekhalifahan dalam sejarah pemerintahan Islam bukan merupakan bagian dari ajaran Islam dan tidak lebih hanya sekedar tradisi politik bangsa Arab atau konstruksi budaya politik masyarakat arab pada saat itu. Atas dasar tersebut artikel ini ditulis, untuk melacak sistem kekhalifahan yang pernah terjadi dalam sejarah pemerinthan umat Islam di Arab pasca kepemimpinan Nabi Muhammad. Tentunya, dengan tujuan untuk memahami eksistensi sistem kekhalifahan dalam sejarah pemerintahan umat Islam di Arab, antara doktrin agama atau konstruksi budaya Arab. Dengan menggunakan metode analisis data kualitatif terhadap beberapa literatur pemikiran tokoh yang membahas persoalan tersebut, penulis berkesimpulan bahawa sejarah kekhalifahan bukanlah merupakan bagian dari doktrin agama, melainkan tak lebih hanya sekedar konstruksi budaya politik masyarakat Arab pada saat itu. (The Caliphate system in the history of the Muslims’ governance, especially in Arabia emerged after the death of Prophet Muhammad. The Caliph title held by Abu Bakar who was elected to lead the Muslims after Muhammad has been considered part of Islamic doctrine by some Muslims. However by some other Muslims, the title of Caliph is not part of the religious doctrine or Islamic doctrine. But only the political tradition of Arab society or construction of Arab political culture. This Article was written to trace the caliphate system that had occurred in the history of the governance of Muslims in Arabia after the leadership of Mohammed. Certainly with a view to understanding the existance of the caliphate system in the history; among a Islamic doctrine or cultural construction. By using qualitative data analysis method for some literatures, the authour concluded the the caliphate system is not part of the relegious doctrine or Islamic doctrine, but rather the construction of Arab political culture)

The Thought of Figures of Islamic Mass Organization About Caliphate: A Case Study in Banda Aceh and West Java

“…19 In addition, seen from its history, according to Ahmad Faidi, the caliphate was not part of religious doctrine, but was nothing more than just a political cultural construction of the Arab community at that time. 20 The same thing and critically comes from the literature of Ainur Rofiq al-Amin who argue that the caliphate which is understood by some of its supporters, including Ḥizb at-Taḥrīr, is an inseparable part of the teachings of Islam, as a false claim. The caliphate's organization continued to evolve from Taqiyuddin an-Nabhani, Abd…”