Sinusoidal Microchannel with Descending Curves for Varicose Veins Implantation

Abstract

Approximately 26% of adult people, mostly females, are affected by varicose veins in old age. It is a common reason for distress, loss of efficiency, and worsening living conditions. Several traditional treatment techniques (sclerotherapy and foam sclerotherapy of large veins, laser surgeries and radiofrequency ablation, vein ligation and stripping, ambulatory phlebectomy, and endoscopic vein surgery) have failed to handle this disease effectively. Herein, authors have presented an alternative varicose vein implant method—the descending sinusoidal microchannel (DSMC). DSMC was simulated by Fuzzy logic MATLAB (The MathWorks, Natick, MA, USA) and ANSYS (ANSYS 18.2, perpetual license purchased by Ibadat Education Trust, The University of Lahore, Pakistan) with real and actual conditions. After simulations of DSMC, fabrication and testing were performed. The silver DSMC was manufactured by utilizing a micromachining procedure. The length, width, and depth of the silver substrate were 51 mm, 25 mm, and 1.1 mm, respectively. The measurements of the DSMC channel in the silver wafer substrate were 0.9 mm in width and 0.9 mm in depth. The three descending curves of the DSMC were 7 mm, 6 mm, and 5 mm in height. For pressure, actual conditions were carefully taken as 1.0 kPa to 1.5 kPa for varicose veins. For velocity, actual conditions were carefully taken as 0.02 m/s to 0.07 m/s for these veins. These are real and standard values used in simulations and experiments. At Reynolds number 323, the flow rate and velocity were determined as 1001.0 (0.1 nL/s), 11.4 cm/s and 1015.3 (0.1 nL/s), 12.19 cm/s by MATLAB (The MathWorks, Natick, MA, USA) and ANSYS simulations, respectively. The flow rate and velocity were determined to be 995.3 (0.1 nL/s) and 12.2 cm/s, respectively, at the same Reynolds number (323) in the experiment. Moreover, the Dean number was also calculated to observe Dean vortices. All simulated and experimental results were in close agreement. Consequently, DSMC can be implanted in varicose veins as a new treatment to preserve excellent blood flow in human legs from the original place to avoid tissue damage and other problems.

Fabrication and Analysis of Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) Microchannels for Biomedical Application

“…In our previous papers, the authors fabricated silver bio-engineered veins for varicose vein implantation. The previous studies have some limitations like biocompatibility, elasticity and friction [42,43]. Here, in this research, the authors have tried to overcome the limitations of biocompatibility, flexibility and resistance.…”

“…ANSYS has been extensively used in research, especially in the field of biomedical engineering [42,43,79]. With the help of the design modeler tool of ANSYS Fluent, the geometries of the channels (5CACMC and 5CDCMC) have been created.…”

Study on the Induced Voltage in Piezoelectric Smart Material (PZT) Using ANSYS Electric & Fuzzy Logic

“…As the simulation is an important tool in research before fabrication a device, many researchers have been used different simulation techniques (Fuzzy, ANSYS, MATLAB, COMSOL and ABAQUS) for simulations of different materials [5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14]…”

Computer Simulation Based Optimization of Aspect Ratio for Micro and Nanochannels

“…[23] have studied the heat flux from microchannels by using high aspect ratio. Previously and presently, all the researchers working on CFD have done the ANSYS simulations on individual element [24][25]. The usage of a computer to characterize the fluid dynamics in micro/nanochannels and in other fields is wide spread [26][27][28][29].…”