Sintering response of austenitic (316L) and ferritic (434L) stainless steel consolidated in conventional and microwave furnaces

Panda, Subha Sanket; Singh, Virendra; Upadhyaya, Anish; Agrawal, Dinesh Kumar

doi:10.1016/j.scriptamat.2006.02.034

Cited by 120 publications

(79 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…Microwave treatment promotes rapid and uniform heating [1], the sample being heated from its center toward its surface [2]. Microwave heating is conventionally used for the thermal treatment and sintering of ceramics, refractory materials [3], and ferrites [4], but the recent decade has seen new applications such as treatment of metal powder products [5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, experiments have shown that this statement is valid only for dense metal samples, while porous or powder bodies undergo heating and compaction under the microwave field [6]. A metal powder sample has the critical density at which it reflects microwaves [5] and is no longer compacted [6]. To reach almost theoretical density, external absorbers are commonly used.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Initial kinetics of microwave sintering of copper

Demirskii

Ragulya

2010

Powder Metall Met Ceram

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Initial kinetics of microwave sintering of copper

Demirskii

Ragulya

2010

Powder Metall Met Ceram

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“…These inferior properties of microwave sintered 316L steel were correlated with irregular and elongated pore morphology. 15 Conventional sintering of mechanically alloyed austenitic stainless steel powders has resulted in improved precipitation of oxide particles in the recrystallized grains. 16 …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of nano-oxide dispersed 304L steels by mechanical milling and conventional sintering

Chandrasekhar

Karak

2016

Mat. Res.

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In the present work an attempt has been made to synthesize 304L stainless steels alloy powders with nominal compositions 70.00Fe-19.00Cr-11.00Ni (alloy A), 69.00Fe-19.00Cr-11.00Ni-1.0 Y 2 O 3 (alloy B), and 69.00Fe-19.00Cr-11.00Ni-1.0 TiO 2 (alloy C), (all in wt.%) by mechanical milling and conventional sintering at 1150°C for 1.0 hour in argon atmosphere. Extensive characterization has been done by SEM, TEM, X-ray diffraction analysis, EDS and particle size analysis at different stages of milling. The minimum crystallite size of powder at final stage of milling was found in the range of 20-25 nm. The bulk hardness values of base and Oxide dispersion strengthened alloys are 2.628 GPa, 4.125 GPa (average) respectively. Wear resistance of TiO 2 dispersed alloy C is found to be superior to that of yttria dispersed alloy B and base alloy A. The nanometric oxide (20-25 nm) particles uniformly dispersed in the alloy matrix contribute to superior mechanical properties.

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“…However, the superior properties of the material also make it interesting for powder metallurgical (PM) processing. In comparison with the widely used conventional CrNi austenitic steel AISI 316L, [14][15][16] significant improvement of mechanical properties can be expected for parts made of high-strength CrMn austenites produced by solid-state sintering. Another application field is observed in the production of corrosion-resistant metal-matrix composites for wearresistant applications.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gas–Solid Interactions During Nonisothermal Heat Treatment of a High-Strength CrMnCN Austenitic Steel Powder: Influence of Atmospheric Conditions and Heating Rate on the Densification Behavior

Krasokha

Weber

Huth

et al. 2012

Metall Mater Trans A

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This work deals with gas-solid interactions between a high-alloyed steel powder and the surrounding atmosphere during continuous heating. It is motivated by the recently developed corrosion-resistant CrMnCN austenitic cast steels. Here, powder metallurgical processing would be desirable to manufacture highly homogeneous parts and/or novel corrosion-resistant metal-matrix composites. However, the successful use of this new production route calls for a comprehensive investigation of interactions between the sintering atmosphere and the metallic powder to prevent undesirable changes to the chemical composition, e.g., degassing of nitrogen or evaporation of manganese. In this study, dilatometric measurements combined with residual gas analysis, high-temperature X-ray diffraction (XRD) measurements, and thermodynamic equilibrium calculations provided detailed information about the influence of different atmospheric conditions on the microstructure, constitution, and densification behavior of a gasatomized CrMnCN steel powder during continuous heating. Intensive desorption of nitrogen led to the conclusion that a vacuum atmosphere is not suitable for powder metallurgical (PM) processing. Exposure to an N 2 -containing atmosphere resulted in the formation of nitrides and lattice expansion. Experimental findings have shown that the N content can be controlled by the nitrogen partial pressure. Furthermore, the reduction of surface oxides because of a carbothermal reaction at elevated temperatures and the resulting enhancement of the powder's densification behavior are discussed in this work.

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Sintering response of austenitic (316L) and ferritic (434L) stainless steel consolidated in conventional and microwave furnaces

Cited by 120 publications

References 15 publications

Initial kinetics of microwave sintering of copper

Initial kinetics of microwave sintering of copper

Development of nano-oxide dispersed 304L steels by mechanical milling and conventional sintering

Gas–Solid Interactions During Nonisothermal Heat Treatment of a High-Strength CrMnCN Austenitic Steel Powder: Influence of Atmospheric Conditions and Heating Rate on the Densification Behavior

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