Sink survey to investigate multidrug resistance pattern of common foodborne bacteria from wholesale chicken markets in Dhaka city of Bangladesh

Abstract

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) among foodborne bacteria is a well-known public health problem. A sink survey was conducted to determine the AMR pattern of common foodborne bacteria in cloacal swab of broiler chickens and sewage samples from five wholesale chicken markets of Dhaka city in Bangladesh. Bacteria were identified by culture-based and molecular methods, and subjected to antimicrobial susceptibility testing. Resistance genes were identified by multiplex PCR and sequencing. Multidrug resistance (MDR) was observed in 93.2% of E. coli, 100% of Salmonella spp., and 97.2% of S. aureus from cloacal swab samples. For sewage samples, 80% of E. coli, and 100% of Salmonella and S. aureus showed MDR. Noteworthy, 8.3% of S. aureus from cloacal swab samples showed possible extensively drug resistance. Antimicrobial resistance genes (beta-lactamase—blaTEM, blaSHV; quinolone resistance gene—qnrS) were detected in a number of E. coli and Salmonella isolates from cloacal swab and sewage samples. The methicillin resistance gene (mecA) was detected in 47.2% and 25% S. aureus from cloacal swab and sewage samples, respectively. The findings envisage the potential public health risk and environmental health hazard through spillover of common foodborne MDR bacteria.

Antimicrobial Resistance in Escherichia coli and Its Correlation with Antimicrobial Use on Commercial Poultry Farms in Bangladesh

“…In case of cefotaxime, this study found 5% and 7% resistance in fecal and environmental isolates, respectively, whereas high resistance has been reported in isolates from poultry cloacal swabs and farm sewage samples in Bangladesh, though in a different region and using a different susceptibility testing protocol [ 22 ]. In this study, E. coli isolates obtained from both fecal and environmental samples were 100% wild type for meropenem, though other studies showed meropenem resistance in cloacal samples, sewerage and hand washes samples in Bangladesh [ 22 , 23 , 35 ]. Considering the fact that meropenem is probably not used in poultry in Bangladesh, the rare occasion of isolating meropenem-resistant E. coli in poultry, likely indicates human to poultry transmission of such isolates.…”

“…In this study, E. coli isolates demonstrated high levels of acquired resistance (98% and 89% in fecal and environmental isolates, respectively) to the quinolone-class antibiotic ciprofloxacin [ 36 ]. Ciprofloxacin has been widely used in commercial poultry farms in Bangladesh over the last decade [ 33 , 35 ] though its use in poultry is strictly regulated in the European Union (EU) or even forbidden in the USA and in large parts of the world [ 37 , 38 ]. According to a recent study in Bangladesh, fluoroquinolones were the most frequently used antimicrobial class in broiler chickens [ 27 ].…”

Identification of Antibiotic Resistance Pattern and Antibiotic Resistance Gene of Staphylococcus aureus from Broiler Chicken Farm in Sukabumi and Cianjur Regency, West Java Province, Indonesia

“…In a comparable research performed in Bogor Regency, Indonesia, 28% of S. aureus was retrieved from broiler chicken cloacal swabs and 50% was isolated from layer chicken cloacal swabs [16]. Our outcome was lower than those obtained from cloacal swabs of birds sold at five wholesale chicken outlets in Dhaka, Bangladesh (72%) and a broiler farm in Duhok, Iraq (80%) [17,18]. The divergence between our observations and those of Ethiopia might be due to variations in biosecurity or sanitation methods on each chicken farm [19].…”

Whole-genome sequencing for One Health surveillance of antimicrobial resistance in conflict zones: a case study of Salmonella spp. and Campylobacter spp. in the West Bank, Palestine

“…In conflict-torn places, collecting samples from the environment can have significant advantages, especially when access to human patients is limited. Environmental samples, such as chicken manure, can provide important information about the presence of foodborne pathogens and AMR, as these pathogens often persist in the environment long after the animals have left ( 20 ).…”