Sinigrin: A Chemical Barrier to the Black Swallowtail Butterfly, Papilio Polyxenes

Erickson, James M.; Feeny, Paul

doi:10.2307/1934622

Cited by 123 publications

(45 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…Using growth rate as a correlate for fitness (16) in the field, I found that site (F 5,322 ϭ 5.25, P ϭ 0.0001), day (F 1,229 ϭ 139.17, P Ͻ 0.0001), and dam (F 5,309 ϭ 9.14, P Ͻ 0.0001), but not treatment (F 2,329 ϭ 1.29, P ϭ 0.28), had significant effects on larval growth. Differences among sites were due to variation in growth rate on the three host-plant species and slower growth rates at higher elevation sites (Fig.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enemy-free space maintains swallowtail butterfly host shift

Murphy

2004

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

164

178

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Natural enemies can be significant sources of mortality for herbivorous insects and therefore important agents of natural selection. One might expect selection to favor herbivores that escape from their natural enemies into enemy-free space. Although this is an appealing idea, it has received little empirical support, and no studies have documented enemy-free space as part of a nonagricultural, nonartificial host shift. The Alaskan swallowtail butterfly, Papilio machaon aliaska, uses as host plants a species in the family Apiaceae (Cnidium cnidiifolium) along with two Asteraceae species (Artemisia arctica and Petasites frigidus). I analyzed growth and survival of P. m. aliaska larvae in the field on the three host plants in treatments that either exposed or protected them from predators. I found that, in the presence of predators, larval survival is greater on the novel hosts (Asteraceae) than on the ancestral host (Apiaceae), but that in the absence of predators survival and growth are greater on the ancestral host. These results are a demonstration of enemy-free space as a mechanism for maintaining a naturally occurring host shift.Papilio machaon aliaska ͉ Lepidoptera ͉ predation ͉ Formica podzolica S wallowtail butterflies from the Papilio machaon (Linnaeus) group use plants of the Apiaceae as their primary hosts (1-4). Behavioral and metabolic constraints evidently limit potential opportunities to switch to other co-occurring plant species (5). Apart from the occasional use of plants in the family Rutaceae, an ancestral host family for the genus Papilio (2), P. machaon swallowtails have rarely incorporated nonapiaceous plants into their diet. In Alaska and northwestern Canada, P. m. aliaska Scudder oviposits and feeds not only on the local apiaceous host, Cnidium cnidiifolium (Turczaninow) Schischkin, but also on Artemisia arctica Lessing and Petasites frigidus (Linnaeus) Franchet (6) in the distantly related family Asteraceae. This host-range expansion by P. m. aliaska appears to represent an intermediate step toward a complete host shift. There is at least one example of a species in the P. machaon group that is now restricted to the novel host genus Artemisia (2); Papilio oregonius Edwards, a close relative of P. m. aliaska (2), is monophagous on Artemisia dracunculus Linnaeus (7). It is unclear, however, whether P. m. aliaska and P. oregonius represent a single host shift or two independent host shifts to Artemisia.The P. m. aliaska system presents an ideal opportunity to examine the role of enemy-free space (EFS) in a naturally occurring host shift. Other swallowtail larvae are subject to attack by a range of invertebrate and vertebrate predators (8, 9); my observations over the past 5 years of P. m. aliaska near Fairbanks, AK, suggest that the two most important larval predators are Formica podzolica Francoeur, an ant species that is widely distributed throughout North America (10), and the ichneumonid parasitoid Trogus lapidator panzeri Carlson. Jeffries and Lawton (11) defined EFS as ''ways of living...

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enemy-free space maintains swallowtail butterfly host shift

Murphy

2004

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

164

178

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“…While the toxicity of glucosinolate metabolites from Brassicaceae plants is well known (Blau et al,1978;Erickson & Feeny, 1974), the influence of these sub stances on predators through aphid prey has still to be studied. The biological effect of Brassicaceae (including allelochemicals as glucosinolates/isothiocyanates) on both specialist/generalist aphid species (changes of reproduc tive rates of B. brassicae and M. persicae) has been con firmed here and extended to aphidophagous predators.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of host plants on specialist / generalist aphids and on the development of Adalia bipunctata (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae)

Francis¹,

Haubruge²,

Gaspar³

2000

Eur. J. Entomol.

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Abstract. The aim of this work was to determine the impact of allelochemicals (glucosinolates/isothiocyanates) from Brassicaceae (Brassica napus and Sinapis alba) at two trophic levels in relation to biological control efficacy. The impact of these plants on aphid Myzus persicae (Sulzer) and Brevicoryne brassicae (L.) and ladybird Adalia bipunctata (L.) biology can be assessed by observation of several developmental parameters: mortality, development duration and adult weight. Sub-lethal toxicity can also be measured through the reproductive parameters of fecundity and/or egg viability. While both specialist and generalist aphids were positively influenced by Brassicaceae species, mixed effects are recorded in ladybird performances following the aphid species/host plant com binations. Significant differences appeared according to aphid host plant and aphid species. This work enhanced the influence of Brassicaceae plants either as cultivated species (B. napus) or as set-aside (S. alba) on both pests and beneficial insects. The allelochemical presence in plants must be taken into account in programs of integrated pest management due to their direct influence on biological control agents.

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“…, Erickson andFeeny 1973, Blau et al 1978). Erickson and Feeny (1973) cultured stems of celery (Apium graveolens: Umbelliferae) in groups of lO for 18 hr in 10-ml solutions of sinigrin at various concentrations. Uptake by the stems was measured quantitatively by hydrolysis of sinigrin to allylisothiocyanate and conversion to allylthiourea, which was then quantified spectrophotometrically after visualizing spots on thin-layer plates with Grote's reagent (see Erickson and Feeny, 1973 for details).…”

Section: B Application Of the Chemical Onto Leaf Surfacesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Postingestive Effects of Phytochemicals On Insects: On Paracelsus and Plant Products

Berenbaum

1986

Springer Series in Experimental Entomology

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Sinigrin: A Chemical Barrier to the Black Swallowtail Butterfly, Papilio Polyxenes

Cited by 123 publications

References 41 publications

Enemy-free space maintains swallowtail butterfly host shift

Enemy-free space maintains swallowtail butterfly host shift

Influence of host plants on specialist / generalist aphids and on the development of Adalia bipunctata (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae)

Postingestive Effects of Phytochemicals On Insects: On Paracelsus and Plant Products

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