Single-walled carbon nanotubes grown on natural minerals

Kawasaki, Shigeo; Shinoda, Masaki; Shimada, Takashi; Okino, Fujio; Touhara, Hidekazu

doi:10.1016/j.carbon.2006.03.015

Cited by 25 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…The high quality of the SWCNT product was verified by Raman spectroscopy and TG experiments. [21] While it may be expected that no CNTs could be grown on quartz, due to the insufficient iron content (Table 4), it is surprising that in this work forsterite and diopside could not catalyze the growth of CNTs, even with their high concentrations of iron. One reason could be that the Fe species in these two minerals are not accessible to the hydrocarbon during the CVD process.…”

Section: Forsterite Disposide Quartz Magnesite and Brucitementioning

confidence: 90%

“…In an investigation to find out whether SWCNTs can be formed in nature through geophysical process, Kawasaki et al demonstrated that SWNTs can grow on magnesite crystals by pyrolysis of methane gas. [21] They used five crystal samples of natural minerals in the experiment: forsterite (USA), diopside (Pakistan), quartz (Japan), magnesite (Brazil), and brucite (USA). Forsterite and diopside are common magnesium silicates.…”

Section: Forsterite Disposide Quartz Magnesite and Brucitementioning

confidence: 99%

“…X-ray fluorescence (XRF) measurements revealed Fe to be a major impurity in all samples (Table 5). [21] The mineral samples were crushed in an agate mortar and the resultant powder was used for the CVD process. Methane gas diluted with argon was used as the carbon source.…”

Section: Forsterite Disposide Quartz Magnesite and Brucitementioning

confidence: 99%

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The Use of Natural Materials in Nanocarbon Synthesis

2009

ChemSusChem

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Nanomaterials are shifting from laboratory-scale preparation to industrial production. The energy costs and starting materials (feedstock, catalyst, and support) consumed or used in the mass production of nanomaterials are issues that limit their broad application. Natural materials, such as sand, rock, and lava, contain small or trace amounts of metals or metal oxides of nanometer-scale sizes and have been recently used as catalysts for the production of carbon nanotubes (CNTs), providing an interesting way to lower the production cost of CNTs. However, the sustainability of the whole production process still needs to be explored. Layered minerals (e.g., clays) are used to produce CNT-clay hybrids, which can be further used to synthesize polymer-CNT-clay nanocomposites. Natural materials and some byproducts of industrial production processes have been explored as carbon sources for nanocarbon synthesis. This Minireview highlights some recent promising work and prospects for the use of natural materials in the synthesis of CNTs, carbon nanofibers (CNFs), and nanocomposites, and their applications in catalysis and in materials science.

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Section: Forsterite Disposide Quartz Magnesite and Brucitementioning

confidence: 90%

Section: Forsterite Disposide Quartz Magnesite and Brucitementioning

confidence: 99%

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The Use of Natural Materials in Nanocarbon Synthesis

2009

ChemSusChem

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“…As shown in Table 2, compared with natural materials that were used as the catalyst directly, such as lava, [6] garnet, [11] and bentonite, [12] CNTs on wollastonite were with smaller diameters and higher yields. For forsterite, diopside, magnesite, and brucite, [14] only amorphous carbon or singlewalled CNTs (SWCNTs) with low yields were obtained at the operated growth windows. When montmorillonite was used as catalyst support, multiwalled CNTs (MWCNTs) with relatively small diameters and high yields were obtained, [16,29] but they were strongly entangled.…”

Section: Structure Of the As-grown Aligned Cnts On Wollastonitementioning

confidence: 99%

“…[1] Volcanic lava rock, [6,10] soil, [1] garnet sand, [11] bentonite, [12] sepiolite, [13] forsterite, [14] disposide, [14] and biomass-based activated carbon [15] can be used as catalysts for the growth of CNTs. Montmorillonite [16] and fly ash [17] can serve as catalyst supports for CNT synthesis as well.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Advanced Materials from Natural Materials: Synthesis of Aligned Carbon Nanotubes on Wollastonites

et al. 2010

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The growth of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) on natural materials is a low-cost, environmentally benign, and materials-saving method for the large-scale production of CNTs. Directly building 3D CNT architectures on natural materials is a key issue for obtaining advanced materials with high added value. We report the fabrication of aligned CNT arrays on fibrous natural wollastonite. Strongly dispersed iron particles with small sizes were produced on a planar surface of soaked fibrous wollastonite by a reduction process. These particles then catalyzed the decomposition of ethylene, leading to the synchronous growth of CNTs to form leaf- and brush-like wollastonite/CNT hybrids. The as-obtained hybrids could be further transformed into porous SiO(2)/CNT hybrids by reaction with hydrochloric acid. Further treatment with hydrofluoric acid resulted in aligned CNT arrays, with purities as high as 98.7 %. The presented work is very promising for the fabrication of advanced materials with unique structures and properties that can be used as fillers, catalyst supports, or energy-absorbing materials.

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Green Carbon

Titirici¹

2013

Sustainable Carbon Materials From Hydrothermal Processes

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Single-walled carbon nanotubes grown on natural minerals

Cited by 25 publications

References 14 publications

The Use of Natural Materials in Nanocarbon Synthesis

The Use of Natural Materials in Nanocarbon Synthesis

Advanced Materials from Natural Materials: Synthesis of Aligned Carbon Nanotubes on Wollastonites

Green Carbon

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