Single tube real time PCR for detection of Streptococcus pneumoniae, Mycoplasma pneumoniae, Chlamydophila pneumoniae and Legionella pneumophila from clinical samples of CAP

Nomanpour, Bizhan; Ghodousi, Arash; Babaei, Toraj; Jafari, Sara; Feizabadi, Mohammad Mehdi

doi:10.1556/amicr.59.2012.2.3

Cited by 18 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…Although serology is the main diagnostic test for C. pneumoniae and C. psittaci, this is not well standardized, and PCR is emerging as a rapid sensitive mode of detection [83]. PCR in blood samples or serum provides a rapid and definitive diagnosis of C. pneumoniae.…”

Section: Molecular Diagnosis (Pcr)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Community-acquired pneumonia related to intracellular pathogens

Cillóniz¹,

Niederman

Eerden

et al. 2016

Intensive Care Med

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Community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) is associated with high rates of morbidity and mortality worldwide; the annual incidence of CAP among adults in Europe has ranged from 1.5 to 1.7 per 1000 population. Intracellular bacteria are common causes of CAP. However, there is considerable variation in the reported incidence between countries and change over time. The intracellular pathogens that are well established as causes of pneumonia are Legionella pneumophila, Mycoplasma pneumoniae, Chlamydophila pneumoniae, Chlamydophila psittaci, and Coxiella burnetii. Since it is known that antibiotic treatment for severe CAP is empiric and includes coverage of typical and atypical pathogens, microbiological diagnosis bears an important relationship to prognosis of pneumonia. Factors such as adequacy of initial antibiotic or early de-escalation of therapy are important variables associated with outcomes, especially in severe cases. Intracellular pathogens sometimes appear to cause more severe disease with respiratory failure and multisystem dysfunction associated with fatal outcomes. The clinical relevance of intracellular pathogens in severe CAP has not been specifically investigated. We review the prevalence, general characteristics, and outcomes of severe CAP cases caused by intracellular pathogens.

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Section: Molecular Diagnosis (Pcr)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Community-acquired pneumonia related to intracellular pathogens

Cillóniz¹,

Niederman

Eerden

et al. 2016

Intensive Care Med

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“…The positivity rates of the atypical pathogens Mycoplasma pneumoniae, Legionella pneumophila, and Chlamydia pneumoniae were consistent with the results of worldwide atypical pathogen detection in a foreign study. 31,32 Paranhos-Baccala et al reported that according to clinical research, co-infections were more severe than single infections. 33 The proportions of mixed infections reported in adults with CAP range from 5.1% to 10.5% in China.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antibodies against atypical pathogens and respiratory viruses detected by Pneumoslide IgM test in adults with community‐acquired pneumonia in Guangzhou City

Qin

Zhang

et al. 2020

Clinical Laboratory Analysis

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Background To detect the serum antibodies against respiratory viruses and atypical pathogens in adults with community‐acquired pneumonia (CAP) in Guangzhou City (Guangdong province, China). Methods A retrospective study was carried out with samples from 685 adults who were admitted with CAP and 108 non‐CAP control patients. Atypical pathogens and respiratory viruses in serum were detected using the Pneumoslide IgM test from Vircell, Spain. All patients were divided into 6 groups according to age: 18‐24, 25‐44, 45‐59, 60‐74, 75‐89, and >90. Results The total positive rate of CAP was 35.4%, which was highest in the 18‐24 age group (P < .05). The highest positive rate, 17.11%, was observed for Mycoplasma pneumoniae (MP). The mean age of MP‐infected patients was higher than that of the controls (P < .05). The positive rates for influenza B (INFB), Legionella pneumophila (LP1), Coxiella burnetii (COX), influenza A (INFA), parainfluenza virus (PIV), respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), Chlamydophila pneumoniae (CP), and adenovirus (ADV) were 5.56%, 3.07%, 2.63%, 2.34%, 1.90%, 1.61, 0.88%, and 0.29%, respectively. There were 4.37% of patients with CAP having multiple infections. The main symptoms observed in the 685 CAP patients were cough and sputum production, in 78.4% and 67.4%. Fever was followed by 54% of CAP patients. Dyspnea (39.1%), anorexia (36.8%), increased thirst (26.7%), chills (18.7), headache (14.6%), and nausea (13.1%) were also frequently observed in the CAP patients. Conclusions MP infection was the most common in adult CAP patients in Guangzhou City with the highest positive rate in the 18‐24 age groups.

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“…The mip gene of L. pneumophila encodes a 24 kDa protein that promotes the entry of bacteria into macrophages and amoeba. 18,19 The final optimized PCR reaction consisted of 1 μl of each primer (10 pmol), 0.5 μl dNTP (10 mM), 0.5 μl MgCl (100 mM), 0.2 μl (1 unit) Taq DNA polymerase (Metabion, Germany), 2.5 μl PCR buffer (10X), and 0.5 μl of DNA template (100 μg/ml) in total volume of 25 μl with double distilled water. The cycling program was adjusted as follows: 35 cycles of 1 min at 94°C, 30 s at 49°C, and 30 s at 72°C, followed by a final extension of 6 min at 72°C.…”

Section: Polymerase Chain Reaction (Pcr) Assaymentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence and molecular distribution of Legionella pneumophila in cold water taps across Alborz province, Iran

Yaslianifard

Mohammadzadeh

Pourmand

et al. 2019

Clinical Epidemiology and Global Health

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Background: The aim of this study is to explore the distribution of Legionella pneumophila (serogroups 1-6) in cold water taps across Alborz province, Karaj, Iran. In addition, some other non-fastidious gram-negative bacteria not belonging to the Enterobacteriaceae family (GNB-NE) were followed. Subject: A total of 162 water samples were collected from 6 countries and tested by culture and genus-specific polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The L. pneumophila isolates were subsequently analyzed by monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) for serogroup identification, molecularly by PCR, and sequencing for genetic diversity. The patterns of resistance to antibiotics were determined by disk diffusion. Results: Fifteen (9.25%) samples were detected as positive for L. pneumophila by PCR and 12 (7.4%) samples yielded growth in culture. All isolates of L. pneumophila were belonged to serogroup 1. Fifteen GNB-NE species were isolated from the samples, including nine isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and six isolates of Acinetobacter spp. Antibiotic resistance was detected in 3 isolates of P. aeruginosa. Conclusions: Despite the prevalence of L. pneumophila, few clinical cases have been reported, which may be due to underdiagnosis of the disease caused by it. Therefore, the prompt attention should be paid to do clinical diagnosis of legionellosis by the effective diagnostic tests from patients with compatible clinical symptoms.

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Single tube real time PCR for detection of Streptococcus pneumoniae, Mycoplasma pneumoniae, Chlamydophila pneumoniae and Legionella pneumophila from clinical samples of CAP

Cited by 18 publications

References 16 publications

Community-acquired pneumonia related to intracellular pathogens

Community-acquired pneumonia related to intracellular pathogens

Antibodies against atypical pathogens and respiratory viruses detected by Pneumoslide IgM test in adults with community‐acquired pneumonia in Guangzhou City

Prevalence and molecular distribution of Legionella pneumophila in cold water taps across Alborz province, Iran

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