Single-step treatment of 2,4-dinitrotoluene via zero-valent metal reduction and chemical oxidation

Abstract

Many nitroaromatic compounds (NACs) are considered toxic and potential carcinogens. The purpose of this study was to develop an integrated reductive/oxidative process for treating NAC contaminated waters. The process consists of the combination of zero-valent manganese or iron and a hydroxyl radical based treatment technique.Corrosion promoters were added to the contaminated water to minimize passivation of the metallic species. Water contaminated with 2,4-dinitrotoluen (DNT) was treated with the integrated process using a recirculating batch reactor. It was demonstrated that addition of corrosion promoters to the contaminated water enhanced the rate of reaction of 2,4-DNT with zero-valent iron or manganese. Results showed that iron provided greater reduction of 2,4-DNT than manganese. Chemical oxidation was used to mineralize the reduction products. The degree of mineralization was measured analyzing the samples for total organic carbon and nitrates. A proposed reaction and corrosion mechanisms and rate expressions were developed during the course of the study.ii DEDICATION This thesis is dedicated to the memory of my late grandmother, Emily Thomas.Her amazing will and determination was seconded only by the love she had for her family. You are missed Nanny, I love you. I would like to thank my colleagues,

Groundwater Water Remediation by Static Diffusion Using Nano‐Zero Valent Metals (Fe 0 , Cu 0 , Al 0 ), n‐FeH n + , n‐Fe(OH) x , n‐FeOOH, n‐Fe‐[O x H Antia1 2014Nanomaterials for Environmental Protection71260View full textAdd to dashboardCite

“…The halogen is one or more of Cl, Br, I, F. [54][55][56][57], for example, chloromethane (CM), trichloromethane (TCM), dichloromethane (DCM), tetrachloromethane; perchloroethylene (PCE), trichloroethylene (TCE), dichloroethylene (DCE); vinyl chloride (VC); hexachloroethane, tetrachloroethane, trichloroethane, dichloroethane, chloropropane (etc. Organic nitrogenous compounds, including azo dyes [59][60][61], atrazine [62,63], cyclonite/hexogen (RDX) [14,64], dinitrotoluene (DnT) [65,66], nitrosodimethylamine (nDMA) [67,68], nitrocellulose [69], tetramethylenetetranitramine (HMX) [70][71][72], trinitrotoluene (TnT) [73][74][75], disinfection by-products (DBPs) [76,77], fertilizers [78,79], pesticides [80][81][82][83], herbicides [84,85], fungicides [86]. ), chlorobenzene, (etc.…”

Removal of micropollutants by ozone based processes

“…Thomas et al [32] developed an integrated reductive/oxidative process for the treatment of water contaminated with nitroaromatic compounds (NACs). The process combines zero-valent iron and ozonation; the results showed that iron reduces 2,4-DNT and ozone oxidizes reduction products, which resulted in a 73% removal of TOC and a 96% decrease in the 2,4-DNT concentration.…”

Biodegradation of 2,4,6-trinitrophenol by Rhodococcus sp. isolated from a picric acid-contaminated soil

“…NACs have been classified under hazardous group of chemicals because of their proven toxic effects [5][6][7][8][9]. For this reason, their presence in wastewater is severely regulated.…”

“…There is interest in removing it from contaminated sites. To treat NACs, the biological treatment is superior to the physicochemical methods, because the latter ones have higher treatment costs and possibilities of causing a secondary pollution [9]. But the poor biodegradability of NACs [10,11] limits the application of conventional biological techniques.…”