Single step amperometric growth of CZTS thin film: Deposition current and stoichiometry relationship

Özdal, Teoman; Kavak, Hamide

doi:10.1016/j.ceramint.2021.05.210

Cited by 6 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…Compositionally, the films have a Cu/Zn/Sn ratio of 1.73/1.10/1.00 with a Cu/(Zn+Sn) ratio of 0.83 ± 0.02, a Cu/Sn ratio of 1.73 ± 0.03, and a Zn/Sn ratio of 1.10 ± 0.01, as measured by EDX. This is consistent with the sought-for high-Zn content CZTS and increases the likelihood of Cu vacancies. These ratios also have the effect of reducing the chances of localized defect-clusters and disorder. , The Cu–Sn does not show any deviation, a phenomenon that is discussed further along with the Sn EXAFS; however, when combined with the extended bond lengths of the third shellS(2) and S(3) in the Supporting Informationsulfurs, it appears that the Sn forms a fairly unchanging sublattice and does not participate much in antisite or vacancy formation within the films.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 84%

Favorable Bonding and Band Structures of Cu₂ZnSnS₄ and CdS Films and Their Photovoltaic Interfaces

Turnbull

Yiu

Goldman

et al. 2022

ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces

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Thin-film photovoltaic cells using Cu2ZnSnS4 (CZTS, p-type) have many advantages, such as high photoconversion, low cost, and great tunability with earth-abundant, nontoxic elements, all of which are necessary to be long-term contributors to next-generation solar energy harvesting. Accurate measurements of bonding and band structures of both the thin-film materials and their interfaces are paramount to designing the solar devices layer-by-layer. Here, finely tuned 1 μm thick CZTS films, 50 nm thick CdS layers (n-type), and their 1 μm/2 nm p–n junction were fabricated inexpensively using our previously studied methods and investigated extensively for maximizing the key interface in the CZTS solar devices. Synthesized bulk CZTS and CdS were analyzed for structural deviations and crystal defects using synchrotron-based (SR) X-ray absorption fine structure (XAFS) along with simulated XAFS patterns. The structural properties of the two materials were designed to favor photovoltaic activity. Interface valence band structures of the CZTS/CdS p–n junction were measured through SR X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (SR-XPS) and compared with the ones simulated using density functional theory. A full band diagram was constructed from XPS of the bulk films and SR-XPS of the interface, providing guidelines in optimizing charge-carrier extraction from the CZTS absorber to CdS buffer layer. It turns out that a small spike-like interface in the conduction band overlap was formed, maintaining a strong internal bias, while favoring a small energy barrier to prevent large-scale recombination from occurring. A large open-circuit voltage was obtained in the preliminary solar cell devices built on the small spike-like interface.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 84%

Favorable Bonding and Band Structures of Cu₂ZnSnS₄ and CdS Films and Their Photovoltaic Interfaces

Turnbull

Yiu

Goldman

et al. 2022

ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces

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show abstract

“…So far, several deposition methods for CZTS thin films have been investigated, which include RF and direct-current (DC) magnetron sputtering deposition [24,25], co-evaporation [26], electron beam evaporation [27], pulsed laser deposition [28], spray pyrolysis deposition [29], spin coating [30], screen-printing [31], and electrodeposition [32]. The electrodeposition technique as a solution-based process is a suitable and affordable synthesis method with low-cost precursors, high-rate deposition, and low-temperature deposition conditions [33]. However, this deposition method would face some limitations in large-scale production in the industry.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cu₂ZnSnS₄ thin film as a counter electrode in zinc stannate-based dye-sensitized solar cells

Soltanmohammadi

Karimi

Alee

et al. 2021

Semicond. Sci. Technol.

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In this study, we deposited Cu 2 ZnSnS 4 (CZTS) thin films with various thicknesses using electrodeposition and sputtering methods to exploit them as counter electrodes (CEs) in Zn 2 SnO 4 -based dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs). The ternary Zn 2 SnO 4 compound with wide bandgap energy, large corrosive resistivity, high electron mobility, and an appropriate conduction band edge position concerning the dye molecules (N719) can be an outstanding alternative for photoanode besides CZTS CE in DSSCs. On the other hand, CZTS is an impressive candidate as a CE material, but its electrocatalytic activity for the recovery of I − /I − 3 ionic species can be different depending on the synthesis process. Our results indicated the creation of porous morphology in the solution-based deposited films, which yields higher electrocatalytic activity in the CE performance in comparison with the physical deposition method, resulting in short circuit current densities of 9.77 and 8.40 mA cm −2 and open-circuit voltages of 633 and 583 mV for the DSSCs prepared by the respective techniques. The large active area and highly crystallized CZTS films, prepared by the electrodeposition method, led to an around 50% efficiency improvement compared to the widely used, more expensive platinum.

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Photoresponse application of the dip-coated Cu2ZnSnS4 thin film

et al. 2023

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Single step amperometric growth of CZTS thin film: Deposition current and stoichiometry relationship

Cited by 6 publications

References 33 publications

Favorable Bonding and Band Structures of Cu₂ZnSnS₄ and CdS Films and Their Photovoltaic Interfaces

Favorable Bonding and Band Structures of Cu₂ZnSnS₄ and CdS Films and Their Photovoltaic Interfaces

Cu₂ZnSnS₄ thin film as a counter electrode in zinc stannate-based dye-sensitized solar cells

Photoresponse application of the dip-coated Cu2ZnSnS4 thin film

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Single step amperometric growth of CZTS thin film: Deposition current and stoichiometry relationship

Cited by 6 publications

References 33 publications

Favorable Bonding and Band Structures of Cu2ZnSnS4 and CdS Films and Their Photovoltaic Interfaces

Favorable Bonding and Band Structures of Cu2ZnSnS4 and CdS Films and Their Photovoltaic Interfaces

Cu2ZnSnS4 thin film as a counter electrode in zinc stannate-based dye-sensitized solar cells

Photoresponse application of the dip-coated Cu2ZnSnS4 thin film

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

Favorable Bonding and Band Structures of Cu₂ZnSnS₄ and CdS Films and Their Photovoltaic Interfaces

Favorable Bonding and Band Structures of Cu₂ZnSnS₄ and CdS Films and Their Photovoltaic Interfaces

Cu₂ZnSnS₄ thin film as a counter electrode in zinc stannate-based dye-sensitized solar cells