Single-shot terahertz-field-driven X-ray streak camera

Frühling, Ulrike; Wieland, Marek; Gensch, Michael; Gebert, Thomas; Schütte, Bernd; Krikunova, Maria; Kalms, Roland; Budzyn, Filip; Grimm, O.; Roßbach, J.; Plönjes, Elke; Drescher, Markus

doi:10.1038/nphoton.2009.160

Cited by 289 publications

(277 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…The FLASH pulses were typically 40 fs long. 17 When compared to the 500 MHz repetition rate operation of synchrotrons this resulted in similar average photon flux even in the third harmonic of the freeelectron laser. In Fig.…”

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confidence: 99%

Time-resolved resonant soft x-ray diffraction with free-electron lasers: Femtosecond dynamics across the Verwey transition in magnetite

Pontius

Kachel

Schüßler-Langeheine

et al. 2011

Applied Physics Letters

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Resonant soft x-ray diffraction ͑RSXD͒ with femtosecond ͑fs͒ time resolution is a powerful tool for disentangling the interplay between different degrees of freedom in strongly correlated electron materials. It allows addressing the coupling of particular degrees of freedom upon an external selective perturbation, e.g., by an optical or infrared laser pulse. Here, we report a time-resolved RSXD experiment from the prototypical correlated electron material magnetite using soft x-ray pulses from the free-electron laser FLASH in Hamburg. We observe ultrafast melting of the charge-orbital order leading to the formation of a transient phase, which has not been observed in equilibrium. © 2011 American Institute of Physics. ͓doi:10.1063/1.3584855͔ Resonant x-ray diffraction, i.e., an x-ray diffraction experiment with the photon energy tuned into resonance with a dipole transition, combines the high spectroscopic sensitivity of x-ray absorption spectroscopy with momentum resolution. Thus it provides not only information on structural aspects of a material but also on its electronic properties. Particularly interesting in this regard are the strong dipole allowed excitations into transition-metal 3d, oxygen 2p, and lanthanide 4f-states, which all occur in the soft x-ray range between 400 and 1600 eV. Within the momentum space that can be probed with resonant soft x-ray diffraction are antiferromagnetic reflections from natural or artificial magnetic structures and superstructure reflections caused by periodic modulations of the electronic state as they occur in a large class of correlated electron systems. 1 A prototype material from the latter is magnetite ͑Fe 3 O 4 ͒. Already in the late 1930s Verwey discovered that upon lowering of the temperature below T V = 123 K ͑the Verwey temperature͒, magnetite undergoes a first-order phase transition leading to a conductivity decrease by two orders of magnitude. 2 This Verwey transition involves a change from a cubic inverse spinel high-temperature lattice structure to a complex monoclinic low-temperature phase. 3 Verwey proposed as the mechanism behind the drop in electrical conductivity a freezing of the charge fluctuations between octahedrally coordinated ͑B-site͒ Fe 2+ and Fe 3+ ions into a charge ordered structure. Calculations further predicted orbital order, i.e., a spatial modulation of the orbital occupation, for the low-temperature phase. 4-8 Both charge and orbital order have been observed experimentally, 3,6,9-11 even though no full consensus exists over all aspects of the order.One of the superstructure peaks characteristic of the lowtemperature phase is ͑0,0,1/2͒ ͑notation refers to the cubic room temperature unit cell with a = 8.39 Å͒. The inset to Fig. 1 shows a scan through this peak along the ͓001͔ ͑L͒ direction in reciprocal space. In the main panel of Fig. 1 the photon energy dependence of the ͑0,0,1/2͒-peak intensity ͑red͒ at the oxygen 1s → 2p ͑K͒ resonance is compared to the x-ray absorption spectrum ͑black͒ from the same sample. Since x-ray absorption p...

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confidence: 99%

Time-resolved resonant soft x-ray diffraction with free-electron lasers: Femtosecond dynamics across the Verwey transition in magnetite

Pontius

Kachel

Schüßler-Langeheine

et al. 2011

Applied Physics Letters

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“…12,13 However, work at LCLS has recently demonstrated that timing jitter can be mitigated by several single shot time stamping techniques. [14][15][16][17][18] With electrons, electro-optic sampling techniques can be used in a similar fashion for bunch charges more than a few pC. 19 For the typical fC bunches used in UED (Ultrafast Electron Diffraction), no current technique is sensitive enough to determine the arrival time of individual pulses with respect to the excitation laser.…”

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Single shot time stamping of ultrabright radio frequency compressed electron pulses

Gao

Jiang

Kassier

et al. 2013

Applied Physics Letters

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We demonstrate a method of time-stamping Radio Frequency compressed electron bunches for Ultrafast Electron Diffraction experiments in the sub-pC regime. We use an in-situ ultra-stable photo-triggered streak camera to directly track the time of arrival of each electron pulse and correct for the timing jitter in the radio frequency synchronization. We show that we can correct for timing jitter down to 30 fs root-mean-square with minimal distortion to the diffraction patterns, and performed a proof-of-principle experiment by measuring the ultrafast electron-phonon coupling dynamics of silicon

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“…Several two-color studies employing optical [125][126][127] and terahertz [124,128] radiation synchronized with EUV pulses have been recently reported, and the development of the beam-splitter setups [122,123] XFELs, multiphoton and time-resolved experiments discussed here can be extended deep into the X-ray domain. As mentioned in the Introduction, this will open the way for a number of novel imaging techniques, including the possibility of coherent diffraction imaging of nanoscale objects [132,133] and recording "molecular movies" of light-induced chemical reactions via time-resolved X-ray diffraction or photoelectron holography [76].…”

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confidence: 98%

Exploring few-photon, few-electron reactions at FLASH: from ion yield and momentum measurements to time-resolved and kinematically complete experiments

Rudenko

Jiang

Курка

et al. 2010

J. Phys. B: At. Mol. Opt. Phys.

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Abstract:In this contribution we briefly review a series of recent pioneering experiments on fewphoton-induced multiple fragmentation of atoms and molecules performed at the Free electron LASer at Hamburg (FLASH) using a "Reaction Microscope", i.e., a coincident momentum imaging technique. For atoms we consider the most basic non-linear process, namely direct or sequential two-photon double ionization (TPDI). In particular benchmark data for theory are presented such as recoil-ion momentum distributions for direct TPDI of He and Ne, and fully differential data for sequential TPDI of Ne. For molecules we show how one can identify contributions from different reaction channels by inspecting the measured kinetic energy and angular distributions of ionic fragments, and even infer the time-delay between the two photon absorption events in TPDI by detailed comparison with theory.Finally, we describe a novel split mirror arrangement for EUV-pump -EUV-probe experiments, and present the very first time-resolved data on the dynamics of N 2 molecules irradiated by the FLASH light.

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Single-shot terahertz-field-driven X-ray streak camera

Cited by 289 publications

References 22 publications

Time-resolved resonant soft x-ray diffraction with free-electron lasers: Femtosecond dynamics across the Verwey transition in magnetite

Time-resolved resonant soft x-ray diffraction with free-electron lasers: Femtosecond dynamics across the Verwey transition in magnetite

Single shot time stamping of ultrabright radio frequency compressed electron pulses

Exploring few-photon, few-electron reactions at FLASH: from ion yield and momentum measurements to time-resolved and kinematically complete experiments

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