Single shot time stamping of ultrabright radio frequency compressed electron pulses

Gao, Meng; Jiang, Yifeng; Kassier, Günther; Miller, R. J. Dwayne

doi:10.1063/1.4813313

Cited by 64 publications

(57 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…To have as short as possible electron pulses at the sample position, different techniques can be used, for example, laser-triggered streaking [53], single-shot time-stamping [54], energy filtering [55] or optical gating [56,57]. Compression with microwave cavities provides 150-fs (full width at half maximum) individual free electron pulses in the multi-electron regime [58] and 10-fs-pulses (root mean square) for single-electron wave packets [40].…”

Section: Chaptermentioning

confidence: 99%

Electron microscopy of electromagnetic waveforms

Ryabov

Baum

2016

Science

120

111

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Imaging electromagnetic waveforms Understanding the dynamics of electrons and the spatial and temporal evolution of electromagnetic fields within a material or device is often the key to optimizing performance. Ryabov and Baum show that electron microscopy can be used to measure collective carrier motion and electromagnetic fields with subcycle and subwavelength resolution. As an example, they used a train of compressed electron pulses to produce movies of the electromagnetic excitation in an optical excited metamaterial component. Science , this issue p. 374

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Section: Chaptermentioning

confidence: 99%

Electron microscopy of electromagnetic waveforms

Ryabov

Baum

2016

Science

120

111

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“…We measured the change in the time of arrival of the electrons with respect to the zero crossing of the streaking electric field as a function of energy to be 12.5 fs/µJ for a laser pulse energy of 80 µJ (fluence of 850 µJ/cm 2 ), which is consistent with previous results. 24 The measured laser power fluctuation is 0.5%, RMS, so the expected timing jitter in the photo-switch due to laser power fluctuations is less than 5 fs RMS. This makes the streak camera suitable for the electron pulse duration measurement for gas phase UED experiments where data are accumulated over many laser shots.…”

Section: Pulse Duration Measurement Results and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Different methods have been proposed and developed to measure the duration of electron pulses using streaking fields. 4,[20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27] Earlier versions of streak cameras were developed to measure the duration of x-ray pulses. [28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39][40] This method worked by first converting the x-ray pulse to an electron pulse in a photoemission process.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Implementation and modeling of a femtosecond laser-activated streak camera

Zandi

Wilkin

Centurion

2017

Review of Scientific Instruments

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A laser-activated streak camera was built to measure the duration of femtosecond electron pulses. The streak velocity of the device is 1.89 mrad/ps, which corresponds to a sensitivity of 34.9 fs/pixels. The streak camera also measures changes in the relative time of arrival between the laser and electron pulses with a resolution of 70 fs RMS. A full circuit analysis of the structure is presented to describe the streaking field and the general behavior of the device. We have developed a general mathematical model to analyze the streaked images. The model provides an accurate method to extract the pulse duration based on the changes of the electron beam profile when the streaking field is applied. Published by AIP Publishing. [http://dx

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“…These could be achieved by measuring the TOA of each pulse and resorting the data on a shot-by-shot basis using time-stamping techniques. 47,48 Ultimately, a temporal resolution of 30 fs would be sufficient to capture most photochemical dynamics processes, but these improvements must be accompanied by an improvement of the spatial resolution such that small structural changes can be observed. With high spatio-temporal resolution, we can envision that this method will be able to capture not only structures, but also spatial information on the moving nuclear wavepackets.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Femtosecond gas phase electron diffraction with MeV electrons

et al. 2016

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We present results on ultrafast gas electron diffraction (UGED) experiments with femtosecond resolution using the MeV electron gun at SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory. UGED is a promising method to investigate molecular dynamics in the gas phase because electron pulses can probe the structure with a high spatial resolution.Until recently, however, it was not possible for UGED to reach the relevant timescale for the motion of the nuclei during a molecular reaction. Using MeV electron pulses has allowed us to overcome the main challenges in reaching femtosecond resolution, namely delivering short electron pulses on a gas target, overcoming the effect of velocity mismatch between pump laser pulses and the probe electron pulses, and maintaining a low timing jitter. At electron kinetic energies above 3 MeV, the velocity mismatch between laser and electron pulses becomes negligible. The relativistic electrons are also less susceptible to temporal broadening due to the Coulomb force.One of the challenges of diffraction with relativistic electrons is that the small de Broglie wavelength results in very small diffraction angles. In this paper we describe the new setup and its characterization, including capturing static diffraction patterns of molecules in the gas phase, finding time-zero with sub-picosecond accuracy and first time-resolved diffraction experiments. The new device can achieve a temporal resolution of 100 fs root-mean-square, and sub-angstrom spatial resolution. The collimation of the beam is sufficient to measure the diffraction pattern, and the transverse coherence is on the order of 2 nm. Currently, the temporal resolution is limited both by the pulse duration of the electron pulse on target and by the timing jitter, while the spatial resolution is limited by the average electron beam current and Faraday DiscussionsCite this: DOI: 10.1039/c6fd00071a PAPER View Article OnlineView Journal the signal-to-noise ratio of the detection system. We also discuss plans for improving both the temporal resolution and the spatial resolution.

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Single shot time stamping of ultrabright radio frequency compressed electron pulses

Cited by 64 publications

References 24 publications

Electron microscopy of electromagnetic waveforms

Electron microscopy of electromagnetic waveforms

Implementation and modeling of a femtosecond laser-activated streak camera

Femtosecond gas phase electron diffraction with MeV electrons

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