Single particle mass spectrometry of oxalic acid in ambient aerosols in Shanghai: Mixing state and formation mechanism

Yang, Fan; Chen, Hong; Wang, Xinning; Yang, Xin; Du, Jing; Chen, Jianmin

doi:10.1016/j.atmosenv.2009.05.002

Cited by 107 publications

(114 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…Oxalate has been found in biomass burning particles Yang et al, 2009) mixed with industrial combustion particles containing Pb and Zn (Moffet et al, 2008a, b), in aged sea salt ) and in aged carbonaceous particles containing highly oxidised organics, non-oxygenated organics and amines Qin et al, 2012). Oxalic acid has been found preferentially enriched on Asian mineral dust over carbonaceous particles , while Fitzgerald et al (2015) characterised cloud processed African dust as rich in sulfate and oxalate.…”

Section: Oxalatementioning

confidence: 99%

Sources and mixing state of summertime background aerosol in the north-western Mediterranean basin

et al. 2017

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Abstract. An aerosol time-of-flight mass spectrometer (ATOFMS) was employed to provide real-time single particle mixing state and thereby source information for aerosols impacting the western Mediterranean basin during the ChArMEx-ADRIMED and SAF-MED campaigns in summer 2013. The ATOFMS measurements were made at a ground-based remote site on the northern tip of Corsica.Twenty-seven distinct ATOFMS particle classes were identified and subsequently grouped into eight general categories: EC-rich (elemental carbon), K-rich, Na-rich, amines, OC-rich (organic carbon), V-rich, Fe-rich and Carich particles. Mass concentrations were reconstructed for the ATOFMS particle classes and found to be in good agreement with other co-located quantitative measurements (PM 1 , black carbon (BC), organic carbon, sulfate mass and ammonium mass). Total ATOFMS reconstructed mass (PM 2.5 ) accounted for 70-90 % of measured PM 10 mass and was comprised of regionally transported fossil fuel (EC-rich) and biomass burning (K-rich) particles. The accumulation of these transported particles was favoured by repeated and extended periods of air mass stagnation over the western Mediterranean during the sampling campaigns. The single particle mass spectra proved to be valuable source markers, allowing the identification of fossil fuel and biomass burning combustion sources, and was therefore highly complementary to quantitative measurements made by Particle into Liquid Sampler ion chromatography (PILS-IC) and an aerosol chemical speciation monitor (ACSM), which have demonstrated that PM 1 and PM 10 were comprised predominantly of sulfate, ammonium and OC. Good temporal agreement was observed between ATOFMS EC-rich and K-rich particle mass concentrations and combined mass concentrations of BC, sulfate, ammonium and low volatility oxygenated organic aerosol (LV-OOA). This combined information suggests that combustion of fossil fuels and biomass produced primary EC-and OC-containing particles, which then accumulated ammonium, sulfate and alkylamines during regional transport.Three other sources were also identified: local biomass burning, marine and shipping. Local combustion particlesPublished by Copernicus Publications on behalf of the European Geosciences Union. (emitted in Corsica) contributed little to PM 2.5 particle number and mass concentrations but were easily distinguished from regional combustion particles. Marine emissions comprised fresh and aged sea salt: the former was detected mostly during a 5-day event during which it accounted for 50-80 % of sea salt aerosol mass, while the latter was detected throughout the sampling period. Dust was not efficiently detected by the ATOFMS, and support measurements showed that it was mainly in the PM 2.5-10 fraction. Shipping particles, identified using markers for heavy fuel oil combustion, were associated with regional emissions and represented only a small fraction of PM 2.5 particle number and mass concentration at the site.

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Section: Oxalatementioning

confidence: 99%

Sources and mixing state of summertime background aerosol in the north-western Mediterranean basin

et al. 2017

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“…This suggests that uptake of sulfate and oxalic acid may have occurred during transport, a process previously observed for transported mineral dust particles in Asia . Oxalic acid has also been detected in single particles arising from biomass and fossil fuel combustion processes in Mexico City and Shanghai, and may be directly emitted at source or formed through the oxidation of biogenic and anthropogenic volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in the gas or aqueous phases (Moffet et al, 2008;Carlton et al, 2007;Hallquist et al, 2009;Yang et al, 2009) These particles do not exhibit any dependence on time of day but are strongly dependent on west-southwesterly wind direction. 5 day air mass back-trajectories, calculated using the HYSPLIT dispersion model (Draxler and Rolph, 2003), demonstrate that air masses arriving at 500, 1000 and 2000 m above the site during this 4 day period originated in North America (Fig.…”

Section: Ec-msamentioning

confidence: 99%

Source apportionment of PM<sub>2.5</sub> in Cork Harbour, Ireland using a combination of single particle mass spectrometry and quantitative semi-continuous measurements

et al. 2010

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Abstract. An aerosol time-of-flight mass spectrometer (ATOFMS) was deployed for the measurement of the size resolved chemical composition of single particles at a site in Cork Harbour, Ireland for three weeks in August 2008. The ATOFMS was co-located with a suite of semi-continuous instrumentation for the measurement of particle number, elemental carbon (EC), organic carbon (OC), sulfate and particulate matter smaller than 2.5 µm in diameter (PM 2.5 ). The temporality of the ambient ATOFMS particle classes was subsequently used in conjunction with the semi-continuous measurements to apportion PM 2.5 mass using positive matrix factorisation. The synergy of the single particle classification procedure and positive matrix factorisation allowed for the identification of six factors, corresponding to vehicular traffic, marine, long-range transport, various combustion, domestic solid fuel combustion and shipping traffic with estimated contributions to the measured PM 2.5 mass of 23%, 14%, 13%, 11%, 5% and 1.5% respectively. Shipping traffic was found to contribute 18% of the measured particle number (20-600 nm mobility diameter), and thus may have important implications for human health considering the size and composition of ship exhaust particles. The positive matrix factorisation procedure enabled a more refined interpretation of the single particle results by providing source contributions to PM 2.5 mass, while the single particle data enabled the identification of additional factors not possible with typical semi-continuous measurements, including local shipping traffic.

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“…The remaining 9% of clusters characterized by lowmass spectral resolution was grouped into one class referred to as "Unclassified". Ca and Na, which are often regarded as originating from dust and sea salt, respectively (Pastor et al, 2003;Dall'Osto and Harrison, 2006;Yang et al, 2009), were not removed because these elements were also detected in the smoke of biomass burning (Silva et al, 1999;Yamasoe et al, 2000;Schmidl et al, 2008). Both CaeEC and NaeEC particles have been observed in vehicle exhausts (Sodeman et al, 2005;Toner et al, 2006).…”

Section: Chemical Compositionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It has been proved to be a powerful tool for analyzing the mixing state and formation mechanisms of aerosols in single particle levels (Gaston et al, 2010;Angelino et al, 2001;Moffet et al, 2004;Freney et al, 2006;Denkenberger et al, 2007;Moffet and Prather, 2009;Wang et al, 2009a;Yang et al, 2009). These accomplishments are extremely helpful to understand the impact of aerosols on the global climate.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mixing state of biomass burning particles by single particle aerosol mass spectrometer in the urban area of PRD, China

Bi¹,

Zhang²,

Li³

et al. 2011

Atmospheric Environment

164

108

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Single particle mass spectrometry of oxalic acid in ambient aerosols in Shanghai: Mixing state and formation mechanism

Cited by 107 publications

References 41 publications

Sources and mixing state of summertime background aerosol in the north-western Mediterranean basin

Sources and mixing state of summertime background aerosol in the north-western Mediterranean basin

Source apportionment of PM<sub>2.5</sub> in Cork Harbour, Ireland using a combination of single particle mass spectrometry and quantitative semi-continuous measurements

Mixing state of biomass burning particles by single particle aerosol mass spectrometer in the urban area of PRD, China

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Single particle mass spectrometry of oxalic acid in ambient aerosols in Shanghai: Mixing state and formation mechanism

Cited by 107 publications

References 41 publications

Sources and mixing state of summertime background aerosol in the north-western Mediterranean basin

Sources and mixing state of summertime background aerosol in the north-western Mediterranean basin

Source apportionment of PM&lt;sub&gt;2.5&lt;/sub&gt; in Cork Harbour, Ireland using a combination of single particle mass spectrometry and quantitative semi-continuous measurements

Mixing state of biomass burning particles by single particle aerosol mass spectrometer in the urban area of PRD, China

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Source apportionment of PM<sub>2.5</sub> in Cork Harbour, Ireland using a combination of single particle mass spectrometry and quantitative semi-continuous measurements