Single or combined effects of Lactobacillus sakei and inulin on growth, non-specific immunity and IgM expression in leopard grouper (Mycteroperca rosacea)

Abstract

The aim of this study was to evaluate the single or combined effects of Lactobacillus sakei with inulin suitable for immunological in vivo studies in farmed fish. By in vitro assays, L. sakei strain 5-4 showed antibacterial activities against all assayed fish pathogens (except the Vibrio harveyi strain CAIM-1793). L. sakei was able to survive at high fish bile concentrations. Fermentation of the agave inulin resulted in a large increase in number of lactobacilli. For the in vivo study, fish were fed for 8 weeks four practical diets: control diet (control), L. sakei 5-4 (10(7) CFU/g), inulin (1% or 10 g/kg) and L. sakei + inulin (10(7) CFU/g + 10 g/kg). The weight gain showed clearly the synergistic effect of L. sakei 5-4 and inulin at 6 and 8 weeks of treatments. Leopard grouper fed with L. sakei alone or combined with inulin have significantly increased the assayed physiological and humoral immune parameters. By real-time PCR assays, the mRNA transcripts of immunoglobulin M (IgM) were found to be higher expressed in intestine, head kidney, mucus, gill, spleen and skin. Moreover, mRNA expression levels of IgM in head kidney and anterior intestine were measured by real-time PCR. L. sakei 5-4 and L. sakei + inulin supplemented diet up-regulated the expression of IgM at week 4 and 8 in intestine and head kidney, respectively. These results support the idea that the L. sakei 5-4 alone or combined with agave inulin improved growth performance and stimulates the immune system of leopard grouper.

Dietary synbiotics improved the growth, feed utilization and intestinal structure of largemouth bass ( Micropterus salmoides ) juvenile

“…In large yellow croaker (Ai et al, ) and Japanese flounder ( Paralichthys olivaceus ) (Ye, Wang, Li, & Sun, ), the combined supplementation of probiotics and prebiotics produced more positive effects on the growth performance than the individual supplementation. The similar results were also reported in caspian roach ( Rutilus rutilus ) (Chitsaz, Akrami, & Arab, ), European lobster ( Homarus gammarus ) (Daniels et al, ) and leopard grouper ( Mycteroperca rosacea ) (Reyes‐Becerril et al, ). Leicesterab, Robinsonb, and Erasmus () used a commercial synbiotics (Cenzone Yeasture) containing Bacillus subtilis , yeast, β‐glucan and MOS to feed dairy cow (5 g per cow per day) and observed that the milk production was significantly promoted.…”

The effects of dietary inulin and Jerusalem artichoke (Helianthus tuberosus) tuber on the growth performance, haematological, blood chemical and immune parameters of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) fingerlings

“…In addition, supplementation of dietary FOS was demonstrated to improve growth performance in blunt snout bream ( Megalobrama amblycephala ) and Caspian roach ( Rutilus rutilus ) (Soleimani, Hoseinifar, Merrifield, Barati & Abadi, ; Wu et al., ). Nevertheless, neither dietary inulin nor FOS had a significant effect on growth performance in several fish species including Atlantic salmon ( Salmo salar ) (Grisdale‐Helland, Helland & Gatlin, ), leopard grouper ( Mycteroperca rosacea ) (Reyes‐Becerril et al., ) and hybrid striped bass ( Morone chrysops × Morone saxatilis ) (Burr, Hume, Ricke, Nisbet & Gatlin, ). Moreover, supplementation of inulin at 1%–3% was observed to have negative effect on growth response in beluga ( Huso huso ), although it did not significantly affect FCR (Reza, Abdolmajid, Abbas & Abdolmohammad, ).…”

“…Similarly, dietary inulin did not affect the significant modulation in haematocrit in Nile tilapia and hybrid surubim ( Pseudoplatystoma sp . ) and haemoglobin in leopard grouper (Ibrahem et al., ; Mourino et al., ; Reyes‐Becerril et al., ). Dietary inulin did not significantly affect the changes in RBC in hybrid surubim (Mourino et al., ).…”

“…Inulin selectively stimulates the colonization and multiplication of beneficially commensal microbiota, including bifidobacteria and other lactic acid‐producing bacteria. In addition, microbial manipulation within gastrointestinal tract directly mediates immunity development of the intestinal mucosa and gut‐associated lymphoid tissues (Dimitroglou et al., ; Reyes‐Becerril et al., ; Song et al., ). Most commercially available inulin for use in animal feed is obtained from chicory and has been demonstrated to improve growth performance, haematological and immune parameters in fish as well as to modulate intestinal microbiota (Carbone & Faggio, ; Dawood & Koshio, ; Eshaghzadeh, Hoseinifar, Vahabzadeh & Ringø, ; Hoseinifar et al., ; Ibrahem, Fathi, Mesalhy & Abd, ; Mourino et al., ; Ortiz et al., ).…”

Effects of synbiotic containing Lactobacillus plantarum 7-40 and galactooligosaccharide on the growth performance of white shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei

“…Synbiotics, a combination of prebiotics and probiotics, have been used since 2005 (Panigrahi et al., ). Synbiotics have been widely applied and are assumed to be growth‐ and immunity‐promoting factors in freshwater fish (Azimirad, Meshkini, Ahmadifard, & Hoseinifar, ; Hoseinifar, Dadar, & Ringø, ; Hoseinifar, Esteban, Cuesta, & Sun, ; Hoseinifar, Mirvaghefi, Amoozegar, Merrifield, & Ringø, ) and marine fish (Ai et al., ; Reyes‐Becerril et al., ). It is surprising that although growth‐enhancing effect of synbiotics on the growth of fish is well documented, little information was reported in cultured Penaeid shrimp.…”