Effects of synbiotic containing Lactobacillus plantarum 7-40 and galactooligosaccharide on the growth performance of white shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei

Abstract

This study aimed to develop a synbiotic combination with probiotic, Lactobacillus plantarum 7–40 and one of three prebiotics, fructooligosaccharide (FOS), galactooligosaccharide (GOS) and mannan oligosaccharide (MOS). The best in vitro growth was observed when probiotic was cultured in the medium containing either FOS or GOS as the sole of carbon source. The analysis of enzyme activity revealed that GOS induced the highest activities of protease and β‐galactosidase of probiotic. Based on the findings, probiotic + GOS were selected as synbiotic to evaluate if it could promote the growth of white shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei. For this, four diets, including a basal diet with no GOS or probiotic (control), 0.4% GOS (PRE), 108 CFU probiotic kg−1 (PRO) and 0.4% GOS in combination with 108 CFU probiotic kg−1 (SYN), were fed to shrimp for 60 days, and then the growth performance, intestinal microbiota (including total Vibrio counts, VBCs; and lactic acid bacteria, LAB) and digestive enzyme (including protease, leu‐aminopeptidase and β‐galactosidase) were evaluated. The weight gain (WG) of shrimp fed the PRO did not significantly differ from those of control (p > .05). Shrimp fed the SYN had significantly higher WG compared with the other treatments (p < .05). In addition, the SYN‐fed shrimp had significantly higher LAB and protease, leu‐aminopeptidase and β‐galactosidase activity (p < .05). The lowest presumptive Vibrio count (VBC) was also observed in intestines of SYN‐fed shrimp. Therefore, we suggested that Lac. plantarum 7–40+ GOS can be used as a synergistic synbiotic for shrimp culture.

Bacterial population in intestines of white shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei fed a synbiotic containing Lactobacillus plantarum and galactooligosaccharide

“…Recent advances in technologies and bioinformatic analyses have allowed the development of a broader understanding of the complex microbial communities associated with various habitats including the aquatic animal gut microbiota (Ghanbari, Kneifel, & Domig, ). As mentioned above, beneficial effects of a SYN on the growth performance (Huynh, Chi, et al, ) and health status (Huynh, Cheng, et al, ) of L. vannamei were found in our previous studies, but determining whether the positive effects involved changes in the shrimp's intestinal microbiota required further study.…”

“…The experimental diet containing a SYN was prepared according to our previous study (Huynh, Chi, et al, ). Because adding the SYN, Lac.…”

“…Because adding the SYN, Lac. plantarum 7–40 at 10 8 cfu/kg diet and 0.4% GOS, to the diet resulted in the shrimp having better efficiency in improved growth and health conditions (Huynh, Cheng, et al, ; Huynh, Chi, et al, ), a SYN‐containing diet and control diet without SYN were used in this study. The basal diet was formulated to be sufficient to support the optimal growth of L. vannamei (Table ).…”

“…As the cost of feed ingredients and serious diseases increased, developing supplements or feed ingredient replacements to reduce feed costs and disease risk has become an international concern. Supplements, such as probiotics (Liu, Chiu, Ho, & Wang, ; Wang, ), immunostimulants (Hossain, Koshio, Manabu, Yokoyama, & Sony, ), or synbiotic (SYN) that can increase the probiotic efficiency are widely used in aquaculture to increase the growth and health status of cultured shrimp and fish (Hoseinifar, Mirvaghefi, Amoozegar, Merrifield, & Ringo, ; Huynh, Cheng, Chi, Chiu, & Liu, ; Huynh, Chi, et al, ; Makivuokko, Forssten, Saarinen, Ouwehand, & Rautonen, ). Among those products, SYNs are considered to be more effective in improving the growth performance and health status of aquatic animals (Huynh, Cheng, et al, ; Huynh, Chi, et al, ; Huynh et al, ).…”

“…Li, Tan, and Mai () reported that a SYN comprised of isomaltooligosaccharide (IMO) and Bacillus megeterium significantly increased the immune responses and disease resistance, but no information on growth was revealed for L. vannamei . In our previous studies, a SYN containing Lactobacillus plantarum 7–40 (10 8 colony‐forming units (cfu)/kg diet) and 0.4% GOS was formulated to improve shrimp's growth performance (Huynh, Chi, et al, ), and immune responses and disease resistance of shrimp against Vibrio alginolyticus (Huynh, Cheng, et al, ). In addition, some metabolites, including inosine monophosphate, valine and betaine in the hepatopancreas of shrimp involved in the positive effects on shrimp growth and health status were recorded by a method of 1 H nuclear magnetic resonance‐based metabolomic analyses after shrimp were fed the SYN (Huynh, Cheng, et al, ).…”